personality Flashcards
what is the definition of personality
a persons unique pattern of traits they are stable and enduring
it is predictable and we often show the same behaviour
why is personality good for sports
good for coaches as all performers are different so important to understand how to motivate them
linked with choice of sport and success
what is nature
born that way
what is nurture
developed through life experiences and observing others
what is the personality equation
B=f(P)
what is eysencks trait theory
uses two dimensions (extroversion and introversion + stable and neurotic)
suggest that everywhere is somewhere on the lines
these are measured by the eysenck personality inventory
what does stable mean and characteritics
ANS responds slowly to situations
even tempered and easy gping
what does neurotic mean and characteristics
ANS responds rapidly and strongly to stressful situations
restless anxious and excitable
what does ANS stand of
automatic nervous system
what does RAS stand for
reticular activating system
what does extrovert mean and characteristics
RAS reduces incoming stimulus leading to under arousal, they need optimal stimulation to to maintain optimum levels of brain activity
social, out going
what does introvert mean and characteristics
RAS increases incoming stimulus leading to over arousal, dont need external stimulation
quiet reserved
what is cattells trait theory
used a self report study which assess overall personality (16 different types)
suggests that personality could change with the situation
what is type A and B personality theory also known as
the narrow band approach
what is type a
highly competitive
desire to succeed
need to be in control
prone to stress
what is type b
non competitive
lacks desire to succeed
doesnt enjoy control
less prone to stress
what is sheldons theory
personality is categorised into three personalities based on physical make up and the relationship between build and behaviour
what are the three categories in sheldons theory
endomorph
ectomorph
mesomorph
what is an endomorphs build and personality
build- round and tend to have wide hips and narrow shoulders with alot of body fat
personality- sociable, fun, tolerant, even tempered, relaxed
what is an ectomorphs build and personality
build- narrow shoulders and hips with a narrow chest and abs with very litttle body fat
personality- self conscious, intoverted, inhibited socially anxious thoughtful
what is a mesomorph build and personality
build- broad shoulders and narrow waist, muscular and little body fat
personality- adventurous courageous assertive competitive extroverted
what are some limitations with Sheldon’s approach
generalises the personalities
no environment or social influences
sport choice may be influenced by personality
may lose weight
what does the interactionist approach suggest
personality is a result of inherent traits and learned behaviour
what 2 approaches are combined to get interactionist
trait and social learning theory
what is the lewin approach
traits are born and adapted and used according to the situation. accounts for behaviour chnage and suggest behaviour is adapted to suit situation
eg. good situation= good behaviour
what is the formula for behaviour
B=f(PE)
behaviour= function(personality x environment)
what happens when situational factors are weak (training)
personality traits are more likely to affect behaviour
what happens when situational factors are strong (game)
the situational factors are more likely to affect behaviour than personality traits
what is the hollanders model (HM)
personality is a layered structure
what is the middle layer (HM)
inner psychological core- fairly pernament, values, what you believe and think
what is the 2nd layer (HM)
typical responses- typical responses to situations, generally represents the type of inner core
what is the outer layer (HM)
role- related behaviours- changeable, dependent on situation, could be different to core
how can knowledge of the interactionist approach help coaches
- predicts potential unnacceptable or aggressive behaviour (substutions to prevent sending off)
- identify situations that cause inappropriate actions or decrease in performance and create similar situations in training (nervous player who doesnt like crowds)
- change player behaviour by enouraging players to adapt (anxious about a penalty the coach get help them practice)
`evaluation of interactionist approach
- core values could be hard to get rid of
- reinforcement could allow same behaviour to continue
- personality is stable but competition may be unstable
- specific competiton situations could cause different behaviour
- varying forms of personality for a team member others may need to understanf that
what are 3 methods of testing personality
questionaires
observation
interview
what is the validity of questionaires
does the personality test measure the performers whole personality
what is the reliability of questionaires
if the test was repeated would the results be the same
advantages of questionaires
- research lots of people at one time
- cheap
- numerical
- reliable
disadvantages of questionaires
- weak validity
- demand characteristics
-difficults to self assess - ambigous questions
what is observation
subjects watched and behaviour recorded (when behaviuor is consistent and what situations affect what they do)
advantages of observation
personality tested in the actual setting
disadvantages of observation
reducing validity and reliability
- subjects know they are being watched
- researchers may observe behaviour differently
what is an interview
involves 1-2-1 discussion with performer
advantages of interview
gain in depth understanding of the person
disadvantages of interview
reducing validity and reliability
take time
responses can change to mood
interviewing can make person feel nervous whihc will affect repsonse to question
only 1 can be interviewed at a time
what does iceburg profile suggest
success in sport may enhance positive mental help
what does the profile of mood states test
tension depression anger vigour fatigue and confusion
(athletes above norm for vigour and below for the rest)
acronym for profile of mood
ten defenders aston villa football club
what is credulous approach
when the link between personality and behaviour is accepted
what is sceptical approach
when the link between personality and behaviour is doubted
