arousal Flashcards
what is arousal
the state of alertness ranging from deep sleep to extreme excitement of an individual to perform a task it involves both psychological and physiological
what is somatic arousal
the body/ physical
what is cognitive arousal
the mind/ psychological
what are some somatic symptoms
increase adrenaline
increase in HR
increase in muscle tension
increase in sweating
butterflies
tightness in stomach
nausea
cold clamy hands
need to urinate
what are some cognitive symptoms
increase concentration
increased focus
heightened awareness
attentional narrowing
quicker reaction time
what factors in sport increase arousal
level of competition
rewards
team trials
crowds
importance of event
not playing well
when does increase arousal increase performance
increases energy
helps simple/gross skills
helps a good performer (autonomous)
when does increase arousal decrease performance
complex/fine skills
beginner (cognitive)
what is an autonomous performer
expert/elite
what is a cognitive performer
beginner
what is hulls drive theory
increase arousal caused increased drive which causes increased performance
recognizes a linear relationship between arousal and performance
what is the drive theory equation
p=f(dxh)
what is the drive theory to autonomous learners
as arousal increases so does performance this creates a correct dominant response
what is the drive theory to cognitive learners
as arousal increases performance decreases this creates incorrect dominant response
what are the advantages of the drive theory
very simple
many performers and coaches believe that the dominant response is indeed what happens when their arousal increases
accurate when relating to certain skills
what are the disadvantages of the drive theory
doesn’t take into account that motivation may be lost
quality of performance doesn’t always increase
doesnt take into account personalities and skill type
doesnt explain why performers perform well at low levels of arousal
skills perform well at low levels of arousal
what is the inverted u theory
as arousal increases so does performance until it reaches the optimal point and then if it continues to increase then performance will steadily decrease
what are the advantages of the inverted u theory
simple and easy to apply
can be at optimal arousal
accurate because skills respond positively up to a point
shows that optimal levels can differ for different performers
what are the disadvantages of the inverted u theory
very limited view of the relationship between arousal and performance so doesn’t take into account the effect of different types of arousal on performance
doesnt show that some performers with the right level of experience and skills may be able to recover once performance has started
what 3 things does optimum arousal refer to
type of skill/ activity
the skill/level of performer
the personality of performer
what does the inverted us theory mean to autonomous learner
they can cope with a higher level of arousal as there movements are automatic and higher levels may allow them to concentrate more
what does the inverted us theory mean to cognitive learner
they need to focus more on relevant cues and process the information so they need low levels of arousal to perform well
what does the inverted us theory mean to an introvert
they need need low levels of arousal to perform well as their reticular activating system enhances incoming stimuli increasing arousal
what does the inverted us theory mean to an extrovert
they need higher levels of arousal to perform well because their reticular activating system reduces incoming stimuli decreasing arousal
what is the reticular activating system (RAS)
its in the brain and controls and measures the levels of adrenaline in the body
what does the catastrophe theory suggest
that increased arousal causes peak performance at an optimal point but doesnt always decline gradually after the optimum point,instead a dramatic decline (catastrophe) happens
what are the good points of the catastrophe theory
a realistic picture of why performers performance suddenly drops
takes into account the effects of both cognitive and autonomous performers
takes into account that performers can recover from catastrophes
what are the bad points of the catastrophe theory
not all performer will suffer a catastrophe at the same time
not true that optimum arousal has a mid point
doesnt take into account personality, level of performer and type of skill
what is the zone of optimum theory
that performers can experience a zone of optimum performance instead of just a point
what do athletes feel when in the zone of optimum performance
peak flow experience
what is the peak flow experience
when the performer experiences a situation when the timing of movements and actions appear to be perfect
what are the peak flow characteristics
total ability to complete the challenge successfully
completion absorption in the activity
clear goals
totally focused on the task
subconscious feeling of self control
effortless movements
sense of well being
what are factors that affect peak flow experience
injury
fatigue
crowd hostility
uncontrollable events
worrying
lack of challenge
not at optimal arousal
limited cohesion
negative self talk
poor officials
poor preparation
poor performance
