arousal

Question 1

what is arousal

Answer 1

the state of alertness ranging from deep sleep to extreme excitement of an individual to perform a task it involves both psychological and physiological

Question 2

what is somatic arousal

Answer 2

the body/ physical

Question 3

what is cognitive arousal

Answer 3

the mind/ psychological

Question 4

what are some somatic symptoms

Answer 4

increase adrenaline
increase in HR
increase in muscle tension
increase in sweating
butterflies
tightness in stomach
nausea
cold clamy hands
need to urinate

Question 5

what are some cognitive symptoms

Answer 5

increase concentration
increased focus
heightened awareness
attentional narrowing
quicker reaction time

Question 6

what factors in sport increase arousal

Answer 6

level of competition
rewards
team trials
crowds
importance of event
not playing well

Question 7

when does increase arousal increase performance

Answer 7

increases energy
helps simple/gross skills
helps a good performer (autonomous)

Question 8

when does increase arousal decrease performance

Answer 8

complex/fine skills
beginner (cognitive)

Question 9

what is an autonomous performer

Answer 9

expert/elite

Question 10

what is a cognitive performer

Answer 10

beginner

Question 11

what is hulls drive theory

Answer 11

increase arousal caused increased drive which causes increased performance
recognizes a linear relationship between arousal and performance

Question 12

what is the drive theory equation

Answer 12

p=f(dxh)

Question 13

what is the drive theory to autonomous learners

Answer 13

as arousal increases so does performance this creates a correct dominant response

Question 14

what is the drive theory to cognitive learners

Answer 14

as arousal increases performance decreases this creates incorrect dominant response

Question 15

what are the advantages of the drive theory

Answer 15

very simple
many performers and coaches believe that the dominant response is indeed what happens when their arousal increases
accurate when relating to certain skills

Question 16

what are the disadvantages of the drive theory

Answer 16

doesn’t take into account that motivation may be lost
quality of performance doesn’t always increase
doesnt take into account personalities and skill type
doesnt explain why performers perform well at low levels of arousal
skills perform well at low levels of arousal

Question 17

what is the inverted u theory

Answer 17

as arousal increases so does performance until it reaches the optimal point and then if it continues to increase then performance will steadily decrease

Question 18

what are the advantages of the inverted u theory

Answer 18

simple and easy to apply
can be at optimal arousal
accurate because skills respond positively up to a point
shows that optimal levels can differ for different performers

Question 19

what are the disadvantages of the inverted u theory

Answer 19

very limited view of the relationship between arousal and performance so doesn’t take into account the effect of different types of arousal on performance
doesnt show that some performers with the right level of experience and skills may be able to recover once performance has started

Question 20

what 3 things does optimum arousal refer to

Answer 20

type of skill/ activity
the skill/level of performer
the personality of performer

Question 21

what does the inverted us theory mean to autonomous learner

Answer 21

they can cope with a higher level of arousal as there movements are automatic and higher levels may allow them to concentrate more

Question 22

what does the inverted us theory mean to cognitive learner

Answer 22

they need to focus more on relevant cues and process the information so they need low levels of arousal to perform well

Question 23

what does the inverted us theory mean to an introvert

Answer 23

they need need low levels of arousal to perform well as their reticular activating system enhances incoming stimuli increasing arousal

Question 24

what does the inverted us theory mean to an extrovert

Answer 24

they need higher levels of arousal to perform well because their reticular activating system reduces incoming stimuli decreasing arousal

Question 25

what is the reticular activating system (RAS)

Answer 25

its in the brain and controls and measures the levels of adrenaline in the body

Question 26

what does the catastrophe theory suggest

Answer 26

that increased arousal causes peak performance at an optimal point but doesnt always decline gradually after the optimum point,instead a dramatic decline (catastrophe) happens

Question 27

what are the good points of the catastrophe theory

Answer 27

a realistic picture of why performers performance suddenly drops
takes into account the effects of both cognitive and autonomous performers
takes into account that performers can recover from catastrophes

Question 28

what are the bad points of the catastrophe theory

Answer 28

not all performer will suffer a catastrophe at the same time
not true that optimum arousal has a mid point
doesnt take into account personality, level of performer and type of skill

Question 29

what is the zone of optimum theory

Answer 29

that performers can experience a zone of optimum performance instead of just a point

Question 30

what do athletes feel when in the zone of optimum performance

Answer 30

peak flow experience

Question 31

what is the peak flow experience

Answer 31

when the performer experiences a situation when the timing of movements and actions appear to be perfect

Question 32

what are the peak flow characteristics

Answer 32

total ability to complete the challenge successfully
completion absorption in the activity
clear goals
totally focused on the task
subconscious feeling of self control
effortless movements
sense of well being

Question 33

what are factors that affect peak flow experience

Answer 33

injury
fatigue
crowd hostility
uncontrollable events
worrying
lack of challenge
not at optimal arousal
limited cohesion
negative self talk
poor officials
poor preparation
poor performance