achievement motivation Flashcards
definition of achievement motivation
an individuals drive to achieve success for its own sake
what is the equation for achievement motivation
desire to succeed - fear of failure
2 factors that atkinson proposed that affects achievement of motivation
personality
situational factors
what are the personalty factors
NACH
NAF
what is NACH
need to achieve
what is NAF
need to avoid failure
what is atkinsons original achievement motivation equation
AM = NACH-NAF
what are NACH characteristics
looks for challenges
persists for longer
values feedback from others
enjoys performing in evaluative situations
takes reasonable risks
completes tasks quickly and efficently
takes responsibilty for actions
high levels of SE
willing to take risks
what are NAF characteristics
avoids cahllenges
gives up easily
dislikes feedback from others
dislikes 50-50
preoccupied with failure
takes time to complete tasks
avoids personal responsibilty
low levels of SE
unwilling to take risks
what does the performer assess
the task difficulty
the incentive of the task
the equation of probability of success/failure
task difficulty/probability of success
what does the incentive of task equal
the importance of the individual of success or failure in the task
(negative linear realtionship)
what is avoidance behaviour
people with low SE/NAF dominance avoid situations to protect self esteem
what is approach behaviour
people who attempt challenging situations even if they might fail
the coach needs to be positive even if they fail
how can a coach help increase NACH
using postive reinforcement to increase feelings of pride
setting tasks that have a choice of difficulty so everyone can achieve
try not to put low achievers into a situation were they may fail
choosing task everyone can achieve but not too easy
focuseing any negative feedback on effort rather than ability
gradually increasing task difficulty as self esteem improves
what is SOQ
sport orientation questionnaire
what did martens propose that motivates to be NACH or NAF in a sport setting
competitiveness
win orientation
goal orientation
what are the SOQ results
males score highrt on competitiveness and win orientation
females scored a little higher on goal orientation
athletes scored higher than non athletes in most areas
athletes were more concered about performance and less about outcome than non athletes
what are the 3 stages that veroff proposed that achievemtent motivation developes in
autonomus competence stage
social comparison stage
integrated stage
what is the autonomous competence stage
up to 5 years old a child is concerned with mastering skills
rarely compare to others
concern is to do better than last time
measure own success using internal standards
set their own goals
what is the social comparison stage
from 6 a child starts comparing themselves to others
measure success using external standards
unlikley to progress to next stage of development or uncomfortable with competition or competes to staisfy own ego and beat others
like to progress if they enjoy competition and use feedback gained
what is the integrated phase
no fixed age depends to maturation
measure standards using internal and external standards
definition of motivation
desire to succeed
two types of motivation
intrinsic
extrinsic
what is intrinsic motivation
comes from within
eg, runner completes marathon
what is extrinsic motivation
comes from outside source
what are the example or tangiable rewards
trophies
badges
money
medals
certificates
two types of extrinsic rewards
tangible
intangible
examples of intangible rewards
prasie
smile
applause
approval
social status
postive comments
analysis of extrinsic rewards
+can be used too much as a incentive, loss of value
- become dependent
- loss of motivation
-pressure
- expectation of rewards
analysis of intrinsic
+ longer lasting
+ stronger
what are the motives to play sport
physical
emotional
social
psychological
well being
health
how can age ad gender affect motivation
older people are more motivated by pschological
males are more motivated by assertive achievement
srategies to maitain intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
make activity fun
pointing out health benefits
breaking skill into parts
pointing out role models
internal success
setting goals
positive feedback
set challenging goals
correct error via negative feedback
what is goal setting
the identification of what the perfromer is trying to achieve at a specified time
according to lock and latham how can goals create positive effects on performance
- directing attention
- regulating effort into the task
- ensuring effort is sustained until goal is reached
- motivationg people
- providing sepcific evaluation and feedback
- developes self confidence and self efficacy
what is an outcome goal
concerned with end result
what is a performance goal
related to behaviour/ compare with previous performances
what is a process orientated goal
how to become successful
what are long term goals
within next year
what are immediate/ medium term goals
3 months
what are short term goals
1 month
quick success can build confidence
what does SMART stand for
specific
measurable
agreed
realistic
time phased
what does research show
LT goals cannot be realsitic
set ST goals to acheive LT goals
achieve ST will help with confidence and reduce anxiety
set performance not outcome goals
express goals positively
how can a coach help with meeting goals
negotiating the goals
giving rewards for progress
being supportive
providing regular feedback
explain reasons for goal setting
