Personality Flashcards

Question

Inkblot tests/"Rorschach"

Answer 1

- Vague image and asking for interpretation - no right or wrong answer - no standard scoring system so how can you compare people's "scores" to one another (Reliability/validity is extremely poor)

Answer 2

and the location you are drawn to first also means something BUT no consistency (sometimes you see something and sometimes you don't)

Answer 3

interpret unconscious thoughts and motivations and personality - in competition with objective tests that are more data driven and more common today

Answer 4

- depicts a story - interpret story (vague but more than random dot) - same as inkblots in terms of validity and reliability being poor

Answer 5

Rogers and Maslow - Self-growth and self-determination (people have the capacity to reach their maximum potential) Personality development - self-concept (you think about yourself in a particular manner) Also vague in nature but laid the groundwork for positive psych (Selgman born out of idea about humanism)

Answer 6

No; doesn't have to be traits but can be largely shaped by relationships from the past (characteristics shaped by prior interactions)

Answer 7

- Empathy - Unconditional positive regard

Answer 8

Traits are stable and enduring - late teens, early 20s Frontal lobe still developing until 25 years old - partially, personality is housed in frontal lobe

Answer 9

First person to identify and consider what we now think of as traits

Answer 10

Count and identify ALL WORDS that describe a person in the dictionary - had to come up with a way to condense the information because no one will take such a long questionnaire

Answer 11

(Condenses into 100 clusters ex.) - statistical technique that condenses large item pools into smaller, more manageable ones (we still do this today)

Answer 12

Personality questionnaire - 2 dimensions found in every trait model that has ever existed in personality *Neuroanatomical basis to these traits (everybody with a brain has them)

Answer 13

1.) Introversion-Extroversion scale 2.) Emotional stability vs. instability

Answer 14

Timid, calm, quiet

Answer 15

center of attention, outgoing, sociable, personable

Answer 16

highly anxious, depressed, etc.

Answer 17

calm, even keel, etc.

Answer 18

1.) Standard personality questionnaire 2.) Personality pathology/mental health

Answer 19

Goal is to find level of traits - research then links them to other outcome variables Ex. extroverted people being more likely to go into business, etc., where they are dealing with people daily

Answer 20

Help with diagnosis and treatment (clinical capacity) *MMPI-3 *PAI

Answer 21

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 - reference points for certain subgroups - uses true and false items BUT over 500 questions and requires skilled reading level

Answer 22

Personality Assessment Inventory - not true and false questions - 4 point scale - 300+ questions - uses a 4+ reading level

Answer 23

1.) BIG 5 2.) HEXACO

Answer 24

Well represented in text with lots of research backing; very common model developed in the 80s by Costa and McCrae - Five large cluster/domains of traits that captures everybody - spectrum from low to high and everything in between

Answer 25

1.) Openness (to experience) - imaginative, artistic, likes variety 2.) Conscientiousness - practical, organized, not sloppy, punctual 3.) Extraversion - outgoing, talkative, sociable 4.) Agreeableness - trusting, helpful, cooperative 5.) Neuroticism - anxiety, fear, depression They are trying to link personality to outcome variables (what profile would be linked/fit with what traits... what jobs suit a person based on their personality traits - we should care because we all have personality so it is useful to see what they link to

Answer 26

- not well represented in text - alternative model that came out in early 2000s by Ashton & Lee - 6 factor model as opposed to 5 factor model

Answer 27

Honesty-Humility - (does not exist in Big 5 so crown jewel of HEXACO) - modest, truthful, not seeking out greed Emotionality - called Neuroticism in Big 5 BUT focuses on positive side as well (balance) - negative trait: anxiety, fear - positive trait: sentimental eXtraversion - outgoing Agreeableness - trusting, helpful, cooperative Conscientiousness - practical, punctual, organized Openness - imaginative, artistic

Answer 28

1.) Cross-cultural replicability - Big 5 has a limitation; has not been found in certain cultures and languages BUT HEXACO has been found in numerous cultures and languages that Big 5 is not 2.) Out-predicted the Big 5 in numerous outcome variables - statistics show that HEXACO is usually the winner even if 6th factor is removed and it is five on five; the way it is configured still wins 3.) More comprehensive - H-factor does not line up with any FFM domains

Answer 29

Personality questionnaire at time 1 and then again at time 2 and then correlate the two to see how personality stabilizes over time - Children have a .30 correlation (with 1 perfect) so NOT very stable and constantly changing personality - College have a .55 correlation (strong correlation) so personality is probably where it will be for life - 30s/40s not a big jump but have a stronger correlation of .65 - 50s/60s not a big jump but have a stronger correlation of .75 Brain injury may cause a weaker correlation and personality may change (Phineas Gage example; stroke to frontal lobe)

Answer 30

Roughly 60% of personality comes from biological parents with 40% driven by environment (this is where Freud is right when he says childhood conditions matter)

Answer 31

Individualistic cultures - US cares about themselves and more about self-concept - Also Canada, Italy, etc. Collectivistic cultures - care about the group more - group and group belongingness - more of a desire for security - Asian cultures (China, Japan, etc.)

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Personality Flashcards

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