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Intro to Psych > Health/Stress > Flashcards

Health/Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology and health combined

A

These individuals help with chronic pain, sleep, medication use, etc., in order to help people with their health
- integration of psychological principles to help improve a person’s health

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2
Q

Stress

A
  • Good sometimes (a little stress adds motivation)
  • Getting into a new environment
  • Stress on the body

Stress is a process that occurs when you first appraise something

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3
Q

Process of stress

A

1.) Appraisal (something, person, event, etc.)
- think about and categorize something (perception) so COGNITIVE piece to this sways how we respond to the stressor

2.) Response
- typically challenge or a thereat goes into appraisal

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4
Q

Stressor

A

Something that initiates the process of stress

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5
Q

Positives of stress

A
  • motivation
  • immune system fires a little better BUT ONLY with SHORT-TERM stress
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6
Q

Negatives of stress

A
  • health declines overall with prolonged stress
  • sometimes causes unhealthy coping mechanisms such as alcoholism to numb the stress
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7
Q

Stressors examples

A

Bad
- Homesick
- Exams coming up/academics
- Interpersonal stress
- Family
- Death in a family

Good
- End of the year euphoria
- Study abroad
- Planning a wedding
- Preparing for the birth of a child

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8
Q

Allostatic load

A

Chronic impact of stress is worse if more daily stressful issues than one singular event
- “wear and tear” on body/brain related to increased stressors accumulating over time

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9
Q

Theories of stress

A

1.) Walter Cannon (1930s)
2.) Selye

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10
Q

Walter Cannon (1930s)

A

Stress response is a body and brain thing and not just a body thing
- unified body/brain process
- identified fight or flight as a survival mechanism

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11
Q

Selye

A

General Adaptation System (GAS)
- Agrees with Cannon but also different stages that brain goes through in terms of stress

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12
Q

Stages of GAS

A

1.) Alarm reaction
- Cannon’s idea about fight or flight
2.) Resistance
3.) Exhaustion

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13
Q

Cortisol

A

“Stress hormone”
- too much damages brain and body

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14
Q

Health psych

A

Psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine
- sleep
- chronic pain
- weight management
- medication compliance
- tobacco cessation (helping them quit)

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15
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

Internal brain immune studies
- combination of endocrine, neural, mental health, etc., systems an how they interact
- ex. How do neural transmitters work/balance when struggling with depression, etc.

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16
Q

Increased mental health problems can cause decrease in overall health

A
  • Vulnerability to common illnesses also increases
  • healing from injury and surgery is slower
  • HIV/other immune system diseases when mental health symptomology is high, the course is much quicker
17
Q

Feedback loop between heart and brain

A

Cardiovascular implication of stress can cause Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

risk factors:
- hypertension/high blood pressure
- family history
- obesity
- smoking
(stroke and heart attack greater risk)

18
Q

Other risk factors for stress

A

Type A personality
- people who are excessive planners
- organized and overly distress if deviation from this
- can be hostile and aggressive

19
Q

Happier people are shown to live…

A

LONGER

20
Q

To relieve your stress

A
  • meditation
  • physical activity
  • soothing music
  • art/journaling
  • therapy
21
Q

Stress and work

A
  • unreasonable deadlines
  • interpersonal conflicts
  • administration/coworkers/management
  • burnout
  • autonomy
22
Q

Autonomy

A

Ability to make decisions and have independence
- trusting someone to do something on their own
- less autonomy, more stress

23
Q

Coping

A

Cognitive reserve theory (brain can be more resistant to cognitive decline if stroke, etc.)
- good for brain and well-being (increased cognitive reserve theory)

24
Q

Problem-focused coping

A
  • directly influence/deal with stressor at hand
  • orient coping strategy where problem is manipulated
25
Q

Emotional-focused coping

A
  • when can’t directly manipulate/fix the stressor
  • work with the emotions in hand with the stressor
  • *engage in avoidance and denial, which is not the healthiest means of coping
26
Q

Self-control

A
  • healthy coping
  • work through and control impulses
  • delay impulses and short-term gratification
27
Q

Bad coping mechanisms

A

self-harm
drinking

28
Q

High levels of self-control leads to…

A
  • higher overall health
  • higher income
  • higher academic performance
29
Q

Social support

A

Linked to positive outcomes in coping (linked to increase in health and happiness)
- support you are getting should be positive, BUT that is not always the case

30
Q

Coping mechanisms

A

To reduce nervous system arousal and reduce cortisol production
1.) Avoidance
2.) Physical activity
3.) Biofeedback

31
Q

Avoidance

A

Can lead to a lot more stress due to the avoidance causing more things to pile up (cycle of stress known as an “emotional cascade”)

32
Q

Physical activity

A
  • Reducing stress and increasing physical well-being
  • Higher levels of mental health
33
Q

Biofeedback

A
  • reducing anxiety and stress
  • usually used with EEG (light) so you can see that feedback in brain LIVE when coping mechanisms are employed
    (reduction of headaches too)
    (reduction of insomnia too)
34
Q

Anxiety and stress reducing techniques

A
  • meditation
  • guided imagery
  • Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)
  • deep breathing (most people don’t breath properly; breathe from diaphragm and deep lungs, not stomach)
  • Yoga
35
Q

Progressive Muscle Relaxation

A

Going through muscle groups one by one systematically and relieving the tension in your muscles

36
Q

Positive psychology

A
  • roots in humanism
  • *Goal is to discover what makes people happy and increases well-being
  • SELIGMAN (FATHER of positive psychology)
    “Happiness”
    Well-being
37
Q

Outcome variables of happiness and well-being related to

A
  • decreased mortality (direct relation)
  • increase in health overall
  • increased immune system
  • more motivation and self-control
  • better levels of sleep
  • increased levels of mental health (direct relation) and decreased levels of symptomology (ex. anxiety)
38
Q

What is one of the best things for coping?

A

Therapy
- Especially psychotherapy can have long-term lasting effects

Intro to Psych (13 decks)

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