Personality

Question 1

Define personality?

Answer 1

The blend of characteristics that make a person feel unique.

Question 2

Define the psychological core?

Answer 2

The most deepest attitudes, values, interests, motives and self worth of a person - their real self.

Question 3

Define typical responses?

Answer 3

The way a person typically adjusts or responds to a environment.

Question 4

Define role related behaviour?

Answer 4

How a person reacts in a particular social situation.

Question 5

What are the 5 points of personality (Allen et al., 2013; Gill et al., 2017) ?

Answer 5

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 6

Which 2 points of the big 5 points of personality were positively correlated with physical activity?

Answer 6

Extroversion and conscientiousness

Question 7

Which point of the big 5 points of personality were negatively correlated with physical activity?

Answer 7

neuroticism

Question 8

Do athletes have higher levels of extroversion than non athletes?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

What are the 6 approaches to explain personality?

Answer 9

Psychodynamic Approach
Trait Approach
situation Approach
interactional Approach
phenomenological Approach
bio psychological Approach

Question 10

Define the psychodynamic approach to personality?

Answer 10

• Behaviour is determined by several unconscious, constantly changing factors that often conflict with other, more conscious, aspects of personality.
• Emphasis is placed on understanding the person as a whole rather than identifying isolated traits.

Question 11

What are the strengths of the psychodynamic approach?

Answer 11

Has increased awareness that unconscious determinants of behaviour exist.

Question 12

What are the weaknesses of the psychodynamic approach?

Answer 12

Focuses almost entirely on internal determinants of behaviour, giving little attention to the social environment.

Question 13

Define the Trait approach to personality?

Answer 13

• Behaviour is determined by relatively stable traits that are fundamental units of personality.
• These traits predispose one to act in a certain way, regardless of the situation

Question 14

What are the strengths of the trait approach?

Answer 14

Emphasizes the importance of traits and the measurement of such dispositions. The greatest contribution will come from looking at how personality constructs interact with environment considerations to produce behaviour.

Question 15

What are the weaknesses of the trait approach?

Answer 15

Knowing traits will not always help predict behaviour in particular situations. Predictive effects tend to be small.

Question 16

Define the situation approach to personality?

Answer 16

• Behaviour is determined largely by the situation or environment.
• This approach focuses on the situation as a more important determinant of behaviour than personality traits

Question 17

What are the strengths of the situation approach?

Answer 17

Emphasizes the importance of the situation.

Question 18

What are the weaknesses of the situation approach?

Answer 18

• Situation will not always influence behaviour.
• The situational approach is not as widely embraced by most sport psychologists.
• Situations alone are not enough to predict behaviour accurately; an individual’s traits must also be considered.

Question 19

Define the Interactional approach

Answer 19

• Behaviour is determined by both the person and the situational factors as well as by their interaction.
• A favoured approach of contemporary sport and exercise psychologists.
• Sometimes referred to as personality–environment fit approach.

Question 20

What are the strengths of the Interactional approach?

Answer 20

• Emphasizes the consideration of both trait and situational variables and their interaction.

Question 21

Define the Phenomological approach

Answer 21

• Behaviour is best determined by accounting for situational and personal characteristics.
• A person’s understanding and interpretation of themselves and the environment are critical
• The phenomenological view is often used by today’s sport psychologists.

Question 22

What are the strengths of the Phenomenological approach?

Answer 22

• Emphasizes the contribution of a person’s interpretation of one’s self and environment while considering both trait and situational variables and their interaction.

Question 23

Define the Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 23

• Sometimes referred to as the “integrative approach”
• To understand personality, a “whole person” perspective is required
• Considers the dynamic interaction of biological factors, dispositional traits, adaptations to situations, and self-defined life stories or narratives that are all situated in one’s social context or culture.

Question 24

What are the strengths of the Biopsychosocial approach?

Answer 24

While support is limited, initial research shows promise in understanding individuals involved in sport and exercise in a more complete and holistic way than if they had examined only disposition.

Question 25

What are the weaknesses of the Biopsychosocial approach?

Answer 25

Only a few studies have adopted this approach.

Question 26

Define trait

Answer 26

is a typical style of behaviour.

Question 27

Define State

Answer 27

Is the situations effect on behaviour