personality Flashcards
Type A Behavior
a cluster of characteristics such as being excessively competitive, driven, impairments and hassle
Type B Behavior
a cluster of chracteristics such as being relaxed and easy going
personality
a patter of enduring distinctive thoughts emotions and behavior that chracterize the way an individual adapts to the world
Psychodynamic theories
focus on the inner workings or personality especially internal conflicts and struggle
Free association
relax and say what comes to mind no matter how trivial or embarassing used to get
Id
consists of unconsciouss drives and is the individuals resevoir of sexual energies
pleasure principle
the psychic force that motivates people to seek immediate gratification of instinctual, or libidinal, impulses, such as sex, hunger, thirst, and elimination
Ego
“the executive” directs energy supplied by the id
reality principle
delays action until it is appropriate
superego
harsh internal judge of our behavior
defense mechanisms
tactics the ego uses to reduce anxitey produeced by the id superego conflict
denial
the refusal to acknowledge unwanted beliefs or actions
displacement
directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target
repression
memmories that provoke too much anxiety to deal with are pushed into the unconscious
regression
reverting to childish behavior
reaction formation
reverse direction of a disturbing desire to make the desire make socially acceptable (express the opposite of how you feel)
Projection
defend yourself against your own unconscious impulses by denying thier existence in themeslves while attributing them to others
rationalization
creating logical excuses for emotional or irrational behavior
Sublimation
the redirection of aggressive feelings into a more socially acceptable outlet
Freud Psycho sexual stages of personality development
oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
Fixation
believed that personality traits traced to fixations or unresolved conflicts or hangups caused by an over indulgence
oral stage
pleasure center is the mouth if overfed or frustratedoral traits may created like smoking kissing nail bitting over eating alcoholism
Anal stage
toilet training pleasure in holding in or letting go
hallic stage
pleasure focuses on the genitals as the child realizes self stimulation is enjoyable
penis envy
a girls desire for a penis
latency period
turn thier attention to other issues like starting school childset aside all sexual feelings out of conscious awarness
genital stage
puberty to adulthood
Karen horneys sociocultural approach
freuds theories not supported by observable data Not penis envy were envious of males advantages in society
Womb envy
men ate jealous of womens reproductive abilites
basic anxiety
feeling of being alone in an unfamiliar world is the theme of childhood
Carl Jung analytical theory
Unconscious made of two parts
personal unconscious
(like Freud unconscious) compromised of repressed memories and clusters of thoughts the persons doesn’t want to confront
collective unconscious
of behavior and memories common to all humans and explains similaraties between cultures
archetypes
universal concepts we all share as parts of the human species
persona
is your public image
shadow
evil sied of personality
Anima/Animus
female side animus male side to personality
self
Alfred Adlers individual psychology
childhood is crucial formative years people are motivated by a fear of failure in ferioty and the desire to achieve superiority
inferioty complex
a basic feeling of inadequacy and insecurity, deriving from actual or imagined physical or psychological deficiency.
Projective test
presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and asks them to describe it or tell a story about it
Rorschach inkblot test
uses an individuals perception of ink blots to determine his or her personality
thematic apperception test
20 sketches depicting various scenes and life situation
humanistic perspectives
stress a persons captivity for personal growth and human qualities
maslows approach
focus on self actualizes bc they have obtained full potential
carl Rogers Approach
personal growth and self determination all barn with the raw ingredients of a fulfilling life
unconditional positive
Rogers’s terms for being accepted, valued, and treated positively
regardless of behavior
self concept
our conscious representation of
who we are and who we wish to become
incongruence
occurs when the ideal self does not align with the real self
trait theories
attempt to learn what traits make up personality and how they
relate to actual behavior
nomothetic approach
each person has a
unique but basic set number of traits
idiographic
people’s unique personalities can
be understood as them having relatively greater or lesser amounts of traits that are consistently across people
big five factors of personality
the 5 most basic dimensions of personality
factor analysis
set of statistical procedures designed to determine the number of distinct unobservable constructs needed to account for the pattern of correlations among a set of measures.
raymond cattel- 16 PF
warmth, reasoning, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractedness, privateness, apprehension, openness to change, self-reliance, perfectionism, and tension
Gordon Allport
one of the founders of personality
self report inventories
a questionnaire on which participants indicate the degree to which the description listed apply to them
MMPI-2
Myers briggs type indicators
a psychometric questionnaire designed to measure psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions.
social cognitive perspective
applies principle of social learning and cognition to personality
reciprocal determinism
process of influencing and being influenced by our enviorment
self efficacy
a persons beliefs about his or her own abilities in a given situation
julian rotter social cognitive theory
internal locus of control
the degree to which we expect that a reinforcement or out come of out behavior is contingent on out behavior or personal characteristic
external locus od control
the degree to which we expect that a reinforcement or outcomes of our behavior is a functions of luck or fate is under the control of others in unpredictable
