Personality

Question 1

Define the 5 factor model of personality

Answer 1

Theory that there are 5 major variables used to describe human personality.

Question 2

What are the 5 factors of the model of personality and some of their general characteristics?

Answer 2

1. Extraversion: talkative, assertive, outgoing
2. Agreeableness: forgiving, generous, appreciative
3. Openness: wide interests, curious, insightful
4. Conscientiousness: organized, responsible, reliable
5. Neuroticism: anxious, tense, touchy

Question 3

What is personality?

Answer 3

A person’s characteristic thoughts, feelings and behaviors

Question 4

What are traits?

Answer 4

Genetically determined distinguished characteristic, endures over time

Question 5

Id

Answer 5

Part of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious, devil and pleasure-driven part of brain

Question 6

Superego

Answer 6

Part of the personality that acts as a moral center, angel of the brain

Question 7

Ego

Answer 7

Part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality (mostly conscious, rational and logical)

Question 8

Oedipus complex and Electra complex

Answer 8

Freud’s belief that there are emotions that exist in the unconscious minds of kids concerning their sexual desire of the same-sex parent and wanting to eliminate the other parent. Oedipus=boys and Electra=girls

Question 9

Who is Phineas Gage and what happened to him?

Answer 9

The man who had a metal rod shoot through his head and sever his limbic system and frontal cortex (and their connection). He survived but the severed frontal cortex changed his behavior, he has the intellect and actions of a child. He died 12 yrs after the accident. This was the first time this injury had happened and greatly contributed to the understanding of the human brain.

Question 10

What is the Marshmallow Experiment and who conducted it?

Answer 10

Children were put in a room with a marshmallow in front of them. They were told if they waited 10 minutes for the adult to come back w/o eating the marshmallow, they would be given a second marshmallow. Performed by Walter Mischel

Question 11

Delayed gratification

Answer 11

Ability to put off something fun now, in order to gain something better/more fun, later

Question 12

What do the findings of the Marshmallow experiment predict?

Answer 12

Children who showed the ability to wait proved to be more intelligent later in life, better social skills, better coping skills, etc. . Kids who could not wait were associated with higher BMI, drug addiction and anger issues later in life.

Question 13

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 13

1. Preconventional: consequences determine morality. Reward = good, punishment = bad
2. Conventional: conforming to society’s norms. Rules and laws
3. Post-conventional: morality decided upon by individual. May conflict with rules and social norms