Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Frontal lobe

Answer 1

motor function, executive function (emotions, judgement, reasoning), not too developed in kids

Question 2

Parietal lobe

Answer 2

AKA somatosensory lobe, controls touch/taste/smell

Question 3

Occipital lobe

Answer 3

visual processing

Question 4

Temporal lobe

Answer 4

auditory processes, memory, learning

Question 5

What makes up the forebrain?

Answer 5

thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary and other glands, hippocampus, amygdala

Question 6

What is the midbrain responsible for?

Answer 6

Pain and sensory info

Question 7

What makes up the hindbrain?

Answer 7

Cerebellum, pons, medulla and reticular formation

Question 8

Cerebellum

Answer 8

controls involuntary, rapid motor movement, involved in some cognitive and emotional tasks

Question 9

Pons

Answer 9

involved in sleep, dreaming, L/R coordination, arousal

Question 10

Medulla

Answer 10

controls life-sustaining functions (breathing, swallowing, heart rate)

Question 11

Hippocampus

Answer 11

controls (short-term) memory, damage means any new memories won’t be saved

Question 12

Amygdala

Answer 12

emotion center

Question 13

Thalamus

Answer 13

“sensory-relay station”, where all sensory-related info first goes

Question 14

Hypothalamus

Answer 14

controls survival behaviors (ex: if we’re thristy its the hypothalamus encouraging us to drink water)

Question 15

Pituitary gland

Answer 15

growth and development, controls all other endocrine glands

Question 16

Corpus callosum

Answer 16

“bridge b/w both hemispheres allowing them to communicate

Question 17

Wernicke’s area

Answer 17

language comprehension. if damaged, person can say words but their sentences dont make sense

Question 18

Broca’s area

Answer 18

speech production, damaged area causes non-fluent pattern of speaking (ex: stuttering)

Question 19

Somatosensory cortex

Answer 19

receives and processes sensory information from across the body

Question 20

Motor cortex

Answer 20

control and execution of voluntary movements

Question 21

Major neurotransmitters discussed in class

Answer 21

Dopamine, GABA, serotonin, acetylcholine, endorphins, norepinephrine, glutamate

Question 22

Dopamine

Answer 22

rewards fulfilling survival behaviors (released when thirst is quenched)

Question 23

Serotonin

Answer 23

pleasure hormone, high levels result in a euphoric feeling (fulfilling food/water needs sees 25% increase, meth use sees 1250% increase)

Question 24

Acetylcholine

Answer 24

muscle contraction control, attention, memory, and arousal (if all acetylcholine was blocked, our skeletal muscles would stop working, some dead neurons can lead to Alzheimer’s)

Question 25

Endorphins

Answer 25

AKA opioids, decrease pain response (released on a runners high, when bitten by a lion and need to keep running)

Question 26

Norepinephrine

Answer 26

involved in arousal and mood, release makes us very alert (waking up in a panic, fight or flight)

Question 27

GABA

Answer 27

involved in sleep and inhibiting movement, "off switch", (GABA drugs used to help insomnia, alcohol OD completely shuts the brain off bc it affects GABA levels)

Question 28

Glutamate

Answer 28

learning, memory and NS development

Question 29

What can x-rays see?

Answer 29

Bone

Question 30

What can a CT see?

Answer 30

Brain tissue

Question 31

What can an MRI see?

Answer 31

Brain tissue

Question 32

Compare a CT to an MRI

Answer 32

CT more readily available, MRI higher resolution

Question 33

What's a PET scan and what can it see?

Answer 33

CT with some extra components, radio-labeled glucose injected into femoral artery, cells can't metabolize it so it can accumulate in high activity areas. Sees brain function

Question 34

What does an fMRI measure and see?

Answer 34

measures blood flow, sees brain function

Question 35

What's an EEG measure?

Answer 35

Brain wave activity

Question 36

What's transcranial magnetic stimulation?

Answer 36

TMS is magnetic pulses that can stimulate certain areas of the brain... FDA approved, can treat depression, OCD, smoking addiction, etc... no side effects