Memory Flashcards
What is memory?
Active system that organizes, senses, alters, stores and retrieves info. OR, the ability to recall past info/events.
What is the working memory and give an example?
Active system that processes information in the STM. Example: solving a math calculation and needing to go back into the LTM to recall info to help solve the problem.
How long does info stay in the STM?
Around 20-30s
How many items can be in the STM?
7 plus or minus 2
What is STM?
Memory where info is held for brief periods of time while being used. When not being used, info is either lost or transferred to LTM.
Chunking
Turning one large number of values into multiple smaller groups
Mnemonics and an example
Taking the first letter of each item and giving them meaning. Ex: PEDMAS = Please Excuse My Dear Aunt sally. Makes it easier to remember the order
Why is the Stroop Test so difficult to do? (3)
- Interference: words vs. color
- Speed of processing
- Selective attention theory: ability to focus on only 1 stimulus among all sensory input
Rehearsal
Can extend the duration of info kept in the STM (keep it longer than 20-30s)
2 types of rehearsal
- Maintenance rehearsal: repeating info over and over
- Elaborative rehearsal: making the info meaningful by making connections with info from LTM, can help transfer this new info into LTM
Selective attention theory
Ability to focus on only 1 stimulus among all sensory input
Capacity/Duration/Retrieval of STM and LTM
STM: 7+/-2, 20-30s, info either lost or transferred to LTM.
LTM: indefinite size, permanent, info retrieved from STM.
What is LTM?
Where info is stored indefinitely and can be recalled/remembered
Sensory memory + an example
The shortest type of memory, more of a feeling than a memory. Ex: still hearing the ringing of a fire alarm in our head even after it’s stopped ringing
What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?
Consolidation: the transfer of info from STM to LTM