5 Senses (Sensation and Perception)

Question 1

List the 2 photoreceptors

Answer 1

Cones and rods

Question 2

What do cones see and when do they fire

Answer 2

See color and higher acuity, rapid fire in lighter conditions

Question 3

What do rods see and when do they fire

Answer 3

See black/white/grey, rapid fire in dark conditions

Question 4

Optic nerve

Answer 4

Contains axons (meaning they don’t contain photoreceptors), which forms an optic disk

Question 5

What is the optic disk responsible for

Answer 5

Blind spot

Question 6

Trichromatic theory

Answer 6

3 types of cones: blue, red and green, each respond maximally to different wavelengths of light

Question 7

Opponent process theory

Answer 7

If we stare at something for a long time, if we immediately begin staring at white background we will see an after image

Question 8

After image

Answer 8

The original image with opposite colors

Question 9

List the main 3 opposite-color pairs

Answer 9

Red/green, blue/yellow, black/white

Question 10

Explain the science behind after images

Answer 10

When we stare at something red for a long time, the cells that pickup red become fatigued. Then, the cells that pickup green are activated to inhibit the red cells.

Question 11

Cause of color blindness

Answer 11

Defective cones in the retina of the eye

Question 12

Color-deficient vision

Answer 12

Someone has 1 or 2 working cones but not all 3

Question 13

Optical illusions

Answer 13

Visual stimuli perceived by the eyes and comprehended by the brain different than reality

Question 14

3 types of optical illusions & definitions

Answer 14

Cognitive: brain comprehends an image based on previously seen images
Literal: brain depicts an image completely differently than the objects used to create it
Physiological: the effects of an excessive stimulation of a specific type such as brightness or color

Question 15

5 types of taste

Answer 15

Sweet, umami (savoury), salty sour, bitter

Question 16

How much of the brain is devoted to olfaction? A lot or not a lot?

Answer 16

A very small amount

Question 17

How many olfactory bulbs do humans have?

Answer 17

Around 6 million

Question 18

What parts of humans are the most developed to touch?

Answer 18

Hands

Question 19

Kinesthetic senses

Answer 19

Location of body parts in relation to one another

Question 20

What is synesthesia?

Answer 20

Blending of the senses, when sensory highways take detours to other parts of the brain

Question 21

Common example of synesthesia

Answer 21

Associating colors with numbers, letters, days of the week, etc.