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Personal care Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main functions of teeth?

A
  1. Chew food for digestion
  2. Help give shape and structure to the mouth
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2
Q

What is the periodontium?

A

The area around the teeth that support the teeth and hold them in place (gums and jawbone).

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3
Q

What are the 3 parts of the tooth?

A
  1. Crown(visible)
  2. Neck(middle)
  3. Root(below surface)
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4
Q

What covers the crown?

A

Enamel

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5
Q

What is the dentin?

A

A layer of connective tissue that protects pulp.

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6
Q

What is pulp?

A

A tissue that contains the blood vessels and nerves. It provides nourishment to the root of the teeth.

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7
Q

What are the 4 types of teeth?

A
  1. Incisors: front four on top and bottom (8)
  2. Canine: beside incisors (4)
  3. Premolars: beside canines (8)
  4. Molars: way in the back (12)
    + Wisdom teeth
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8
Q

What is the main threat to teeth?

A

Bacteria (sugar)

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9
Q

What is plaque?

A

A sticky, colorless film that reacts to sugar to destroy enamel and irritate the gums.

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10
Q

What are four good oral hygiene practices?

A
  1. Brush
  2. Floss
  3. Annual cleanings
  4. Well balanced diet (less sugar)
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11
Q

What are 5 common tooth problems?

A
  1. Halitosis: bad breath
  2. Cavity: hole in tooth (tooth decay)
  3. Crooked teeth
  4. Periodontal Disease: inflammation of gums - tartar - hard crust like substance
  5. Malocclusion: “bad bite” - too many teeth, jaw not aligned
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12
Q

What is another name for skin, hair, nails, and glands?

A

Integumentary System

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13
Q

What is the largest organ of the body?

A

Skin

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14
Q

What are the 5 functions of skin?

A
  1. Protects against pathogens and protects internal organs
  2. Regulates the body temperature
  3. 5th sense (touch): sensory organ
  4. Excretes waste (sweat)
  5. Absorbs oxygen
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15
Q

What are the 2 main skin layers?

A
  1. Epidermis: outer, thinner layer made up of living and dead cells
  2. Dermis: inner, thicker layer made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves
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16
Q

What 2 things does the epidermis produce?

A
  1. Keratin: protein that hardens nails
  2. Lipids: waterproof the skin
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17
Q

What is melanin?

A

A pigment that gives skin, hair, and eyes color.

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18
Q

What does the dermis consist of?

A

One thick layer of Sebaceous glands that produce an oily substance called sebum.

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19
Q

What does sebum do?

A

Supplies oxygen to blood, removes waste, and regulates body temperature.

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20
Q

What are glands?

A

An organ that makes and produces hormones.

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21
Q

What are the 2 types of glands?

A
  1. Endocrine: sweat, tears, oil
  2. Exocrine: milk and hormones
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22
Q

How often is the old skin completely replace with new skin?

A

Every month.

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23
Q

What are 4 ways to get and keep healthy skin?

A
  1. Wash daily
  2. Avoid touching face (bacteria)
  3. Non-smell moisturizers
  4. Avoid sugar/oil
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24
Q

Which harmful rays come from the sun?

A
  1. UVA
  2. UVB
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25
Q

What do UV rays produce?

A

Melanin (pigment)

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26
Q

Who is more likely to burn, fair skinned people or darker skinned people?

A

Fair skinned

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27
Q

What can to much sun cause? (more than 20 minutes)

A

Cancer

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28
Q

What are to ways to protect the skin?

A
  1. Sunscreen of SPF 50 or higher
  2. Long sleeves/pants
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29
Q

What are the main risks of body piercings and tattoos?

A

Breaking the barrier of the skin leaves you vulnerable to bacteria and viruses such as Hepatitis B and C and HIV

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30
Q

What are 7common skin problems?

A
  1. Acne
  2. Eczema
  3. Warts
  4. Vitiligo
  5. Boils
  6. Moles
  7. Cancer
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31
Q

What is acne?

A

Pimples, blackheads: clogged pores (oil)

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32
Q

What is eczema?

A

Dry skin (rough and inflamed) that is caused by irritants and allergens

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33
Q

What is a wart?

A

Virus growths (contagious)

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34
Q

What is vitiligo?

A

Patches of skin that have lost pigment

35
Q

What are boils?

A

Infected hair follicles

36
Q

What is a mole?

A

Spots that contain too much melanin.

37
Q

What are two common skin cancers? Which is more dangerous?

A
  1. Basil cell carcinoma
  2. Melanoma (more dangerous)
38
Q

What is a hair follicle?

A

A structure that surrounds the root of the hair.

39
Q

What is hair made of?

A

A protein called keratin.

40
Q

What are the three functions of hair?

A
  1. Protects skin (UV rays)
  2. Protects eyes
  3. Reduces loss of heat
41
Q

What three habits are harmful to hair?

A
  1. Perms
  2. Dyes
  3. Bleach
42
Q

What are 2 common hair problems?

A
  1. Dandruff: dead skin cells (dry scalp)
  2. Head lice: parasitic insects
43
Q

What are nails made of? What do they do?

A

Nails are made of keratin, and they protect the skin.

44
Q

What are orbits?

A

The eye sockets.

45
Q

What do the lacrimal glands do?

A

They secrete tears.

46
Q

What is the eye made of?

A

The optic nerve and 3 layers of eyeball wall

47
Q

What does the optic nerve do?

A

It transfers images to the brain.

48
Q

What are the 3 layers of the eye?

A
  1. Outermost layer: Sclera
  2. Middle layer: Choroid
  3. Inner layer: retina
49
Q

What is the sclera?

A

Tough white part of the eye (protective layer). It contains the cornea which bends and focuses light.

50
Q

What is the choroid?

A

It lines the sclera. It contains the iris (colored part of the eye) and the pupil (hole through which light enters the inner eye

51
Q

What is the retina?

A

Light sensitive membrane cells. They contain rods and cones that allow us to see in color and in dim light.

52
Q

What is the space in the center of the eye?

A

Vitreous humor: clear jelly like material that keeps the shape of the eye.

53
Q

Where is the lens and what does it do?

A

Behind the iris and pupil. It focuses images of the retina.

54
Q

What is the area between the cornea and the lens?

A

Aqueous humor: watery substance provides nutrients to the eye.

55
Q

What are four ways to maintain healthy eyes?

A
  1. Well balanced diet (Vitamin A)
  2. Protective eyewear
  3. Regular exams
  4. Eye breaks/rests
56
Q

What is myopia?

A

Nearsightedness: can’t see far away

57
Q

What is hyeropia?

A

Farsightedness: can’t see up close

58
Q

What is astigmatism?

A

Curved cornea/lens

59
Q

What is strabismus?

A

Weak eye muscles (cross eyed, lazy eye)

60
Q

What is colorblindness?

A

The inability to see some are all colors (most common in males)

61
Q

What is a stiy?

A

Inflammed oil gland.

62
Q

What are three serious diseases that can cause blindness?

A
  1. Glaucoma: too much pressure on the eye
  2. Cataracts: lens becomes cloudy
  3. Macular Degeneration: deterioration of the retina
62
Q

What is pink eye?

A

AKA conjunctivitis: inflammation of the lining of the eyeball.

63
Q

What are the three main parts of the ear?

A
  1. Outer ear
  2. Middle ear
  3. Inner ear
64
Q

What is the outer ear?

A

The visible part (auricle)

65
Q

What is the external auditory canal?

A

Passageway that leads to the eardrum (tympanic membrane)

66
Q

What is the purpose of the eardrum?

A

It serves as a barrier between the outer and middle ear.

67
Q

What is in the middle ear?

A

Three small bones (auditory ossicles) that connect the eardrum to the inner ear.

68
Q

What is the Eustachian tube?

A

It connects the middle ear to the throat. This tube a.lows pressure to be equalized on either side of the eardrum (swallow or yawn)

69
Q

What is the inner ear made up of?

A

The inner ear, or labyrinth, is made up of 3 small passageways: the cochlea, the vestibule, and the semicircular canals

70
Q

What are the two main functions of the inner ear?

A

Balance and hearing

71
Q

What are two ways to keep your ears healthy?

A
  1. Clean regularly (not cotton swab)
  2. Avoid constant loud noises
72
Q

What are common ear problems?

A
  1. Ear infection (mainly children)
  2. Tinnitus: ringing or buzzing in ears (damage to ear drum-can rupture)
  3. Deafness: partial or complete
73
Q

What is sleep?

A

A deep relaxation of the body and mind. (Just as important as air, water, and food!!!)

74
Q

What are four benefits of sleep?

A
  1. Storage of memories
  2. The healing of tissues
  3. Strengthens immune system
  4. Resupplies/conserves energy
75
Q

What are the two categories of the sleep cycle?

A
  1. NREM: Non-rapid eye movement (3 stages): light sleeping (75%)
  2. REM: Rapid eye movement (1 stage): deep sleep - most dreams - (25%)
76
Q

What are three common sleep disorders?

A
  1. Insomnia
  2. Sleep apnea
  3. Narcolepsy
77
Q

What is Circadian Rhythem?

A

Body’s internal system for regulating behavior patterns such as sleep.

78
Q

What is insomnia?

A

Inability to sleep (major cause is stress)

79
Q

What is sleep apnea?

A

When a person stops and starts breathing many times during the night (major cause is obesity)

80
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

Severe sleepiness during the day (fall asleep randomly)

81
Q

How many hours of sleep do teens need?

A

9

82
Q

What are four ways to get better sleep?

A
  1. Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day
  2. Avoid screen time before bed
  3. Avoid caffeine after noon
  4. Exercise regularly

Health (8 decks)

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