Personal care Flashcards
What are the 2 main functions of teeth?
- Chew food for digestion
- Help give shape and structure to the mouth
What is the periodontium?
The area around the teeth that support the teeth and hold them in place (gums and jawbone).
What are the 3 parts of the tooth?
- Crown(visible)
- Neck(middle)
- Root(below surface)
What covers the crown?
Enamel
What is the dentin?
A layer of connective tissue that protects pulp.
What is pulp?
A tissue that contains the blood vessels and nerves. It provides nourishment to the root of the teeth.
What are the 4 types of teeth?
- Incisors: front four on top and bottom (8)
- Canine: beside incisors (4)
- Premolars: beside canines (8)
- Molars: way in the back (12)
+ Wisdom teeth
What is the main threat to teeth?
Bacteria (sugar)
What is plaque?
A sticky, colorless film that reacts to sugar to destroy enamel and irritate the gums.
What are four good oral hygiene practices?
- Brush
- Floss
- Annual cleanings
- Well balanced diet (less sugar)
What are 5 common tooth problems?
- Halitosis: bad breath
- Cavity: hole in tooth (tooth decay)
- Crooked teeth
- Periodontal Disease: inflammation of gums - tartar - hard crust like substance
- Malocclusion: “bad bite” - too many teeth, jaw not aligned
What is another name for skin, hair, nails, and glands?
Integumentary System
What is the largest organ of the body?
Skin
What are the 5 functions of skin?
- Protects against pathogens and protects internal organs
- Regulates the body temperature
- 5th sense (touch): sensory organ
- Excretes waste (sweat)
- Absorbs oxygen
What are the 2 main skin layers?
- Epidermis: outer, thinner layer made up of living and dead cells
- Dermis: inner, thicker layer made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves
What 2 things does the epidermis produce?
- Keratin: protein that hardens nails
- Lipids: waterproof the skin
What is melanin?
A pigment that gives skin, hair, and eyes color.
What does the dermis consist of?
One thick layer of Sebaceous glands that produce an oily substance called sebum.
What does sebum do?
Supplies oxygen to blood, removes waste, and regulates body temperature.
What are glands?
An organ that makes and produces hormones.
What are the 2 types of glands?
- Endocrine: sweat, tears, oil
- Exocrine: milk and hormones
How often is the old skin completely replace with new skin?
Every month.
What are 4 ways to get and keep healthy skin?
- Wash daily
- Avoid touching face (bacteria)
- Non-smell moisturizers
- Avoid sugar/oil
Which harmful rays come from the sun?
- UVA
- UVB
What do UV rays produce?
Melanin (pigment)
Who is more likely to burn, fair skinned people or darker skinned people?
Fair skinned
What can to much sun cause? (more than 20 minutes)
Cancer
What are to ways to protect the skin?
- Sunscreen of SPF 50 or higher
- Long sleeves/pants
What are the main risks of body piercings and tattoos?
Breaking the barrier of the skin leaves you vulnerable to bacteria and viruses such as Hepatitis B and C and HIV
What are 7common skin problems?
- Acne
- Eczema
- Warts
- Vitiligo
- Boils
- Moles
- Cancer
What is acne?
Pimples, blackheads: clogged pores (oil)
What is eczema?
Dry skin (rough and inflamed) that is caused by irritants and allergens
What is a wart?
Virus growths (contagious)
What is vitiligo?
Patches of skin that have lost pigment
What are boils?
Infected hair follicles
What is a mole?
Spots that contain too much melanin.
What are two common skin cancers? Which is more dangerous?
- Basil cell carcinoma
- Melanoma (more dangerous)
What is a hair follicle?
A structure that surrounds the root of the hair.
What is hair made of?
A protein called keratin.
What are the three functions of hair?
- Protects skin (UV rays)
- Protects eyes
- Reduces loss of heat
What three habits are harmful to hair?
- Perms
- Dyes
- Bleach
What are 2 common hair problems?
- Dandruff: dead skin cells (dry scalp)
- Head lice: parasitic insects
What are nails made of? What do they do?
Nails are made of keratin, and they protect the skin.
What are orbits?
The eye sockets.
What do the lacrimal glands do?
They secrete tears.
What is the eye made of?
The optic nerve and 3 layers of eyeball wall
What does the optic nerve do?
It transfers images to the brain.
What are the 3 layers of the eye?
- Outermost layer: Sclera
- Middle layer: Choroid
- Inner layer: retina
What is the sclera?
Tough white part of the eye (protective layer). It contains the cornea which bends and focuses light.
What is the choroid?
It lines the sclera. It contains the iris (colored part of the eye) and the pupil (hole through which light enters the inner eye
What is the retina?
Light sensitive membrane cells. They contain rods and cones that allow us to see in color and in dim light.
What is the space in the center of the eye?
Vitreous humor: clear jelly like material that keeps the shape of the eye.
Where is the lens and what does it do?
Behind the iris and pupil. It focuses images of the retina.
What is the area between the cornea and the lens?
Aqueous humor: watery substance provides nutrients to the eye.
What are four ways to maintain healthy eyes?
- Well balanced diet (Vitamin A)
- Protective eyewear
- Regular exams
- Eye breaks/rests
What is myopia?
Nearsightedness: can’t see far away
What is hyeropia?
Farsightedness: can’t see up close
What is astigmatism?
Curved cornea/lens
What is strabismus?
Weak eye muscles (cross eyed, lazy eye)
What is colorblindness?
The inability to see some are all colors (most common in males)
What is a stiy?
Inflammed oil gland.
What are three serious diseases that can cause blindness?
- Glaucoma: too much pressure on the eye
- Cataracts: lens becomes cloudy
- Macular Degeneration: deterioration of the retina
What is pink eye?
AKA conjunctivitis: inflammation of the lining of the eyeball.
What are the three main parts of the ear?
- Outer ear
- Middle ear
- Inner ear
What is the outer ear?
The visible part (auricle)
What is the external auditory canal?
Passageway that leads to the eardrum (tympanic membrane)
What is the purpose of the eardrum?
It serves as a barrier between the outer and middle ear.
What is in the middle ear?
Three small bones (auditory ossicles) that connect the eardrum to the inner ear.
What is the Eustachian tube?
It connects the middle ear to the throat. This tube a.lows pressure to be equalized on either side of the eardrum (swallow or yawn)
What is the inner ear made up of?
The inner ear, or labyrinth, is made up of 3 small passageways: the cochlea, the vestibule, and the semicircular canals
What are the two main functions of the inner ear?
Balance and hearing
What are two ways to keep your ears healthy?
- Clean regularly (not cotton swab)
- Avoid constant loud noises
What are common ear problems?
- Ear infection (mainly children)
- Tinnitus: ringing or buzzing in ears (damage to ear drum-can rupture)
- Deafness: partial or complete
What is sleep?
A deep relaxation of the body and mind. (Just as important as air, water, and food!!!)
What are four benefits of sleep?
- Storage of memories
- The healing of tissues
- Strengthens immune system
- Resupplies/conserves energy
What are the two categories of the sleep cycle?
- NREM: Non-rapid eye movement (3 stages): light sleeping (75%)
- REM: Rapid eye movement (1 stage): deep sleep - most dreams - (25%)
What are three common sleep disorders?
- Insomnia
- Sleep apnea
- Narcolepsy
What is Circadian Rhythem?
Body’s internal system for regulating behavior patterns such as sleep.
What is insomnia?
Inability to sleep (major cause is stress)
What is sleep apnea?
When a person stops and starts breathing many times during the night (major cause is obesity)
What is narcolepsy?
Severe sleepiness during the day (fall asleep randomly)
How many hours of sleep do teens need?
9
What are four ways to get better sleep?
- Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day
- Avoid screen time before bed
- Avoid caffeine after noon
- Exercise regularly
