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Legal and Illegal drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are medicines?

A

Drugs that are used to treat or prevent disease.

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2
Q

What are drugs?

A

Substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body or mind.

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3
Q

What four things do medicines do?

A
  1. Help prevent disease
  2. Fights pathogens
  3. Relieve pain
  4. Promote health
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4
Q

What are two types of preventive medicines?

A
  1. Vaccines
  2. Antitoxins
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5
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

Preparation introduced to the body to stimulate an immune response (antibodies).

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6
Q

What are antitoxins?

A

Blood fluids that contain antibodies.

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7
Q

What is a pathogen? Which medicines do you take for pathogens?

A

A pathogen is a disease causing agent. These can be treated with Antibiotics (penicillin, etc.)

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8
Q

What are analgesics?

A

Pain relievers (aspirin, morphine, codeine).

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9
Q

What do people who are sensitive to aspirin take?

A
  1. Acetaminophen (tylenol)
  2. Ibuprofen (Advil)
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10
Q

What are four medicines that promote health?

A
  1. Allergy meds
  2. Anti-depressants
  3. Body regulators
  4. Cancer treatments
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11
Q

What are three negative effects of medicine on the body?

A
  1. Side effects: reactions to medicine other than the one intended
  2. Tolerance: body becomes used to medicine (doesn’t work)
  3. Withdrawal: chemical dependence
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12
Q

What does FDA stand for?

A

Food and Drug Administration

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13
Q

What does the FDA do?

A

Approves all medicines and drugs (safety).

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14
Q

What are the two types of pharmaceutical medicines? (classification wise)

A
  1. Prescription medicine: approval of doctor
  2. Over-the-counter medicines: no prescription needed
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15
Q

What are opioids?

A

Medications prescribed by doctors to treat persistent or sever pain.

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16
Q

What are opioids used for?

A

Chronic headaches, backaches, and recovering from surgery

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17
Q

What are the three most common forms of opioids? What are some brand names?

A

Morphine, codeine, and fentanyl. Some brand names are Vicodin, Percocet, and OxyContin.

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18
Q

What is the most serious public health epidemic in the USA today?

A

Drug overdoses. (over 1 million deaths in the last 10 years. 75% within the last 2

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19
Q

What are four medicine misuses that should be avoided?

A
  1. Taking someone else’s prescription
  2. Taking too much or too little
  3. Stopping before all pills are gone
  4. Mixing medicines
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20
Q

What is substance or drug abuse?

A

Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for nonmedical perposes

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21
Q

What are illegal drugs?

A

AKA street drugs are illegal chemical substances that people may manufacture, possess, buy, or sell.

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22
Q

What are anabolic-androgenic steroids?

A

Synthetic substances that are similar to the male sex hormone testosterone.

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23
Q

What does anabolic mean?

A

Muscle building

24
Q

What does androgenic mean?

A

Increased male characteristics

25
Q

What are anabolic-androgenic steroids used for?

A

Used to increase muscle and athletic performance (illegal without prescription)

26
Q

What are four factors that influence teen illegal drug use?

A
  1. peer pressure
  2. Family
  3. Role models
  4. Media
27
Q

List the three health consequences of drug abuse.

A
  1. Physical
  2. Mental
  3. Social
28
Q

What are the physical concequences of drug abuse? (3)

A

Hepatitis, HIV, and Overdose (OD)

29
Q

What are the mental concequences of drug abuse?

A

It alters the brain causing loss of control and reasoning and can lead to mental illness.

30
Q

What are three social consequences of drug abuse? (3)

A

Effects relationships, leads to crime, and suicide.

31
Q

What are the four steps of the addiction cycle?

A
  1. Tolerance: body needs more
  2. Psychological dependence: person believes they need the drug to feel good
  3. Physiological dependence: person has a chemical need for the drug
  4. Addiction
32
Q

List the six major drug categories.

A
  1. Marijuana (cannabis)
  2. Inhalants
  3. Stimulants
  4. Depressants
  5. Narcotics
  6. Hallucinogens
33
Q

Is marijuana legal is the USA?

A

It is legal in some states for medical reasons.

34
Q

What is the most widely used illegal drug?

A

Marijuana

35
Q

Why is marijuana known as a gateway drug?

A

It often leads to the use of other addictive drugs.

36
Q

What are five risks of marijuana use?

A
  1. Raises dopamine levels
  2. Contains cancer causing chemicals
  3. Interferes with the immune system causing more infections
  4. Paranoia: irrational suspiciousness or distrust of others
  5. Can cause short-term memory loss
37
Q

What are the physical risks of marijuana to the reproductive system?

A
  1. Males: lowers sperm count and testosterone levels
  2. Females: increases levels of testosterone
    - Both resulting in infertility
38
Q

What are inhalants?

A

Substances whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled to alter the mind.

39
Q

What is the negative effect of inhalants?

A

Permanent nervous system and brain damage (kills brain cells). May lead to death.

40
Q

What are stimulants?

A

Drugs that speed up the central nervous system.

41
Q

What are five common stimulants?

A
  1. Caffeine
  2. Nicotine
  3. Cocaine
  4. Amphetamines
  5. Methamphetamine
42
Q

What is euphoria?

A

A feeling of intense well being or elation

43
Q

What is crack cocaine?

A

A concentrated form that is very dangerous (one of the deadliest drugs).

44
Q

What are amphetamines used for?

A

Reduce fatigue, drowsiness, and suppress appetite.

45
Q

What are amphetamines illegally used for?

A

To keep alert, improve athletic performance, and lose weight.

46
Q

What is methamphetamines used for?

A

(Meth) is used in treating diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and obesity.

47
Q

What are depressants?

A

Drugs that tend to slow down the central nervous system.

48
Q

What is the most common depressant?

A

Alcohol

49
Q

What are 2 types of sedative medication?

A
  1. Barbiturates: induce sleep
  2. Tranquilizers: relieve anxiety, muscle spasms, sleepiness, and nervousness
50
Q

What is rohypnol?

A

“date rate drug” - strong tranquilizer

51
Q

What are narcotics?

A

Drugs that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain (opioids)

52
Q

What is heroin?

A

highly addictive narcotic that is processed from morphine.

53
Q

What are hallucinogens?

A

Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions (vision, hearing, smell, and touch). They have no medical use.

54
Q

What is PCP?

A

One of the most dangerous drugs of all.

55
Q

What is LSD?

A

A strong hallucinogen.

56
Q

What are designer drugs?

A

Synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of hallucinogens and other drugs (example: ecstasy)

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