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Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is an infectious disease?

A

A disease that is spread from one living thing to another through the environment.

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2
Q

What does communicable mean?

A

AKA Contagious: capable of spreading from person to person.

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3
Q

What are the four NON-communicable diseases?

A
  1. Cancers
  2. Diabetes
  3. Cardiovascular diseases
  4. Chronic respiratory diseases
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4
Q

What are microorganisms?

A

AKA Microbes: organisms so small they can only be seen through a microscope.

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5
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Microorganisms that cause disease.

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6
Q

What are the four types of infectious diseases?

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Viruses
  3. Fungal Infections
  4. Protozoans
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7
Q

What is bacteria? Name one example.

A

A large group of single celled microorganisms.(example: food poisoning)

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8
Q

What is a virus? Name one example.

A

Smallest of the pathogens that is very simple. (example: common cold)

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9
Q

What are fungi? Name one example.

A

Organisms such as yeast & mold that grow in warm, dark, & moist areas. (example: athletes’ foot)

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10
Q

What are protozoans? Name one example.

A

Single-celled organisms that are larger & more complex than bacteria. (example: malaria)

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11
Q

What are four ways that pathogens are spread? Explain.

A
  1. Infected people: physical or indirect contact
  2. Infected animals: bites (rabies)
  3. Contaminated objects: doorknobs, cups, needles, etc.
  4. Contaminated food, soil, or water: salmonella bacteria,
    e-coli, etc.
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12
Q

What are the four most common infectious bacterial diseases?

A
  1. Strep throat
  2. Lyme disease
  3. Bacterial meningitis
  4. Tuberculosis (TB)
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13
Q

What are the five most common infectious viral diseases?

A
  1. Common cold
  2. Influenza (flu)
  3. Pneumonia
  4. Covid-19
  5. Hepatitis (A, B, and C)
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14
Q

What is the treatment for infectious bacterial diseases?

A

Antibiotics

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15
Q

What is the treatment for infectious viral diseases?

A

Rest, a well-balanced diet, lots of water, & over-the-counter medicines.

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16
Q

What are the body’s 3 lines of defense against disease?

A
  1. Physical & Chemical Defenses: skin, saliva, tears, mucus, cilia.
  2. Inflammation: the body’s general response to all kinds of injury.
  3. Immune System: fights disease by producing a separate set of weapons for each kind of pathogen it faces.
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17
Q

What are Lymphocytes?

A

White blood cells that carry out most of the immune systems functions.

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18
Q

What is immunity?

A

Your body’s ability to destroy pathogens.

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19
Q

What are the two types of lymphocytes?

A
  1. T cells
  2. B cells
20
Q

What do killer T cells do?

A

They destroy any body cell that has been infected.

21
Q

What do helper T cells do?

A

Produce chemicals that stimulate T cells and B cells to fight infection.

22
Q

What do suppressor T cells do?

A

Produce chemicals that “turn off” other immune system cells when infection is under control.

23
Q

What do T cells do?

A

They help the immune system “remember” pathogens (immunity).

24
Q

What do B cells do?

A

Produce antibodies (proteins that attach to pathogens or the toxins produced by pathogens).

25
Q

What is the Lymphatic System?

A

A network of vessels that collects fluid from your tissues and returns it to the bloodstream (most of your immune system is here).

26
Q

What are immunizations?

A

Injections by which an individual’s immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent.

27
Q

What are in vaccines?

A

Small amounts of dead or modified pathogens or their toxins (stimulate against disease)

28
Q

What are the five best ways to prevent infectious diseases?

A
  1. Don’t share personal items
  2. Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze
  3. Wash hands
  4. Get vaccinated
  5. Practice safe sex
29
Q

What are STDs or STIs?

A

Sexually transmitted diseases are infectious diseases spread from person to person mostly through sexual contact.

30
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

occurrences of diseases in which many people in the same place at the same time are affected.

31
Q

How many people around the world live with some sort of STD?

A

500 million (epidemic)

32
Q

What are the short term consequences of STDs?

A

Pain, discomfort, and embarrassment

33
Q

What are the long term consequences of STDs?

A

Risk of certain cancers, increased risk of infertility. 1 million new cases per day with 1/4 of those in the USA alone.

34
Q

What is the treatment for STDs?

A

Most can be treated with medicines but some are incurable.

35
Q

What are two reasons that many STDs go undiagnosed and untreated?

A
  1. Many STDs are asymptomatic (no symptoms).
  2. People don’t report the disease to the health department.
36
Q

What are four reasons that teens have a higher risk of getting STDs?

A
  1. Ignore risks
  2. Being sexually active with more than one person
  3. Highly sexually active/engaging in either unprotected or protected sex (nothing protects you 100%)
  4. Do NOT seek treatment
37
Q

What is abstinence?

A

The deliberate decision to avoid harmful behavior, including sexual activity before marriage and the use of tobacco and drugs.

38
Q

What are the four benefits of premarital abstinence?

A
  1. In most cases you will not get STDs
  2. No unplanned pregnancy
  3. Healthier relationships
  4. It’s God’s plan
39
Q

What are 7 common STDs?

A
  1. HSV 1: cold sores or oral herpes
  2. HSV 2: Genital herpes
  3. HPV: Human papilloma virus
  4. Chlamydia
  5. Gonorrhea
  6. Syphilis
  7. HIV
40
Q

What is HPV?

A

Human papilloma virus is a virus that causes genital warts or asymptomatic symptoms (30 types-no sure).

41
Q

What is chlamydia?

A

A bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs in both men and women (asymptomatic)

42
Q

What is gonorrhea?

A

A bacterial STD that usually affects mucous membranes.

43
Q

What is syphils?

A

An STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called spirochete.

44
Q

What is HIV?

A

A virus that attacks the immune system (leads to AIDS if not treated).

45
Q

What is AIDS?

A

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: a disease in which the immune system of the person is weakened.

46
Q

What are three ways to get AIDS?

A
  1. Sexual contact
  2. Passed from mother to unborn child
  3. Blood transfusions (RARE)
47
Q

What is the treatment for AIDS?

A

Medicines to sow it down, but there is currently no cure.

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