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Germany and IR > Persecution by the Nazis > Flashcards

Persecution by the Nazis Flashcards

1
Q

How many racially impure, or ‘Asocials’ did the Nazis sterilise?

A

400,000

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2
Q

What type of group were the Jews?

A

Ethnoreligious

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3
Q

How many Jews were there living in Germany in 1933?

A

500,000

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4
Q

Why did the Nazis persecute the Jews? (10 points)

A
  1. Minority group so easy to blame for Germany’s problems- scapegoat 2. Doubts over Hitler’s own heritage 3. History of anti-semitism throughout the world, particularly in Russia 4. Middle class and professional Jews were resented because of the ownership of department stores 5. Orthodox Jews refused to integrate with everyone else 6. Jews were seen to be Communists, who the Nazis hated 7. Jews were seen to exploit Germany financially 8. Jews were blamed for the loss of WW1- scapegoat 9. The Jews believed they were God’s chosen people and this annoyed many Christians 10. Hitler picked up anti-semitic ideas in Vienna and believed in the superiority of the Aryan race
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5
Q

What happened to the Jews in 1933?

A

Public burning of books by Jewish authors, they were banned from civil services (e.g. broadcasting and teaching)

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6
Q

What happened to the Jews in April 1933?

A

One-day boycott of Jewish shops

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7
Q

What happened to the Jews in September 1935?

A

The Nuremberg Laws- Jews couldn’t be German citizens, marry, or have sexual relations with a German

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8
Q

What happened to the Jews in March 1936?

A

They were no longer allowed to vote

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9
Q

What happened to the Jews in July 1937?

A

They were no longer allowed to attend German schools or universities

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10
Q

What happened to the Jews in August 1938?

A

Streets named after Jews were re-named. Jews had to add ‘Sarah’ or ‘Israel’ to their name

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11
Q

What happened to the Jews in November 1938?

A

Kristallnacht- a young Jew killed a German diplomat in Paris, so the Nazis launched a violent revenge. Plain clothed SS troopers ran riot and smashed up Jewish shops and workplaces; Jews were murdered and hundreds of synagogues were burned. 20,000 Jews were taken to concentration camps and 1000s more left the country

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12
Q

What happened to the Jews in December 1938?

A

They were banned from cinemas, concerts, museums and sports fields; their businesses had been closed down and overtaken by Nazis

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13
Q

What happened to the Jews in Poland in 1939?

A

After the invasion of Poland, many Polish Jews were rounded up and taken to major cities were they were put in ghettos, which were sealed off from the rest of the city

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14
Q

What happened to the Jews in September 1939?

A

They were no longer allowed radios

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15
Q

What happened to the Jews in July 1940?

A

They were no longer allowed telephones

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16
Q

What happened to the Jews in July 1941?

A

Goering ordered Himmler and Heydrich to begin the extermination of Jews in Europe

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17
Q

What happened to the Jews in Russia in 1941?

A

When the Nazis invaded the USSR, they found themselves in control of 3 million Jews. They were rounded up and shot

18
Q

What happened to the Jews in September 1941?

A

They were ordered to wear the star of David to make themselves stand out

19
Q

What happened to the Jews in October 1941?

A

They were not allowed pets

20
Q

What happened regarding the Jews in December 1941?

A

The first gas chambers were built in Auschwitz; also in 1941 other death camps were built in Treblinka and Chelmno amongst other places

21
Q

What happened to the Jews once the death camps were built?

A

The young, old and sick were killed immediately whilst the able bodied were put first into slave labour, used for medical experiments or other means of torture, or gassed and shot.

22
Q

How many Jews were sent to concentration camps?

A

6 million

23
Q

How many known groups of Jewish Fighters were there?

A

28

24
Q

What happened to the Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto in 1945?

A

They rose up against the Nazis and held out against them for 4 weeks

25
Q

How many concentration camps saw armed uprisings?

A

5

26
Q

What did the Greek Jews manage to do in Auschwitz?

A

Blow up the gas ovens

27
Q

Name the 7 main groups targeted in the Nazi Racial Policy

A
  1. Gypsies 2. The disabled 3. Asocials 4. Homosexuals 5. Feebleminded 6. Jehovah’s Witnesses 7. Jews
28
Q

How many gypsies lived in Germany?

A

26,000

29
Q

What did the Nazis force gypsies to do?

A

Have a fixed address

30
Q

Where were gypsies sent throughout 1942, and how many were killed?

A

Auschwitz, and 220,000

31
Q

What was passed in July 1933 concerning the disabled?

A

The Law for the Compulsory Sterilisation of people with hereditary illnesses

32
Q

How many people were forcibly sterilised?

A

Between 320,000 and 350,000

33
Q

What campaign was started in 1939 concerning the disabled?

A

A Euthanasia campaign- children and adults who had some kind of disability were murdered through starvation, gas or injection

34
Q

From 1939 to 1941, how many were killed in the Euthanasia programme?

A

100,000, including 5000 infants

35
Q

What was created in 1934 concerning homosexuals?

A

The ‘Pink Lists’ kept by the Gestapo, of all the known homosexuals

36
Q

In 1938 how many homosexuals were sent to concentration camps?

A

50,000

37
Q

What were the feebleminded?

A

Alcoholics, workshy and prositutes

38
Q

In 1938 how many feebleminded were arrested and sent to concentration camps?

A

10,000

39
Q

Why were Jehovah’s Witnesses targeted?

A

They refused to salute Nazi flags are serve in the army

40
Q

What happened to Jehovah’s Witnesses in 1935?

A

They were banned and could be sent to concentration camps if they didn’t give up their beliefs

41
Q

When did the ‘Final Solution’ begin, and what was it?

A

It began in 1942 and the aim was to kill millions of Jews

42
Q

What happened to Jews in 1944?

A

More were executed as the Nazis thought they were losing the war

Germany and IR (15 decks)

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