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Restorative Dentistry > Permanent Molars Anatomy > Flashcards

Permanent Molars Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many molars are in each arch

A

6

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2
Q

Molar functions:

A

Chew food
Vertical dimension: prevents jaws from closing too far (protruding chin)
Arch integrity: maintains continuity of arches, keeps other teeth in alignment
Esthetics/cheek support: keeps cheeks normally full looking

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3
Q

What are the numbers of the first molars on the maxilla?

A

3, 14

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4
Q

What are the numbers of the second molars on the max?

A

2, 15

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5
Q

What are the numbers of the third molars on the maxilla

A

1, 16

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6
Q

What are the numbers of the first molars on the mand

A

19, 30

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7
Q

What are the numbers of the second molars on the mand

A

18, 31

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8
Q

What are the numbers of the third molars on the mand

A

17, 32

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9
Q

Which teeth are the first permanent teeth to show evidence of calcification?

A

First molars (at birth)

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10
Q

When do first molars erupt

A

6-7 yo

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11
Q

When do mandibular second molars erupt

A

11-13 yo

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12
Q

When do max second molars erupt

A

12-15 yo

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13
Q

When do third molars erupt

A

17-21 yo

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14
Q

How many developmental lobes form the maxillary molars? How many cusps?

A

4, 4

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15
Q

How many developmental lobes form the mandibular molars? How many cusps?

A

5,5

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16
Q

The combined mesiodistal width of the three mandibular molars in one quad makes up ______ of the mesiodistal dimension in their quadrant

A

Over half

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17
Q

The maxillary molars make up about ____ of the quadrants mesiodistal dimension

A

44%

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18
Q

Molar crowns are _____ occlusocervically than all other adult crowns and are shorter ______ than _____

A

Shorter
Occlusocervically , mesiodistally

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19
Q

On most molar crowns, the occlusal surface tapers from the ___ to the ____

A

Buccal, lingual

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20
Q

Molar crowns from the occlusal view tend to taper (prox) ?
Which tooth is this less apparent on and why?

A

Distally
Mand 1st molars, tooth may be widest BL in the middle third ***why the lingual embrasures is wider than facial embrasure

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21
Q

The height of contour on the buccal of the molars is in the ___ third
The HOC on the lingual is in the ____

A

Cervical, middle

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22
Q

Where are the mesial contact areas on molars?
Distal?

A

Junction of occlusal and middle , more cervical

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23
Q

The crowns of mand molars are much wider ____ than ____
Is this the same for max molars?

A

Mesiodistally , faciolingually
The opposite! Max = wider faciolingually

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24
Q

How would you describe the shape of max molars?
Mand molars?

A

Max = square/ parallelogram
Mand = rectangle/ pentagon

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25
Q

How many cusps can mandibular molars have?

A

4 or 5

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26
Q

Where are the cusps located on a 4 cusp type mand molar

A

2 buccal 2 lingual

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27
Q

Where are the cusps located on 5 cusp mand molars?
What tooth specifically would have this?

A

2 = sized lingual cusps
3 buccal; 1 smaller cusp called the distal cusp located just distal of the DB cusp on the buccal surface
**mand 1st molars

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28
Q

How many cusps can the max molars have?

A

3, 4, 5

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29
Q

Where are cusps located on a 3 cusp max molar?
What tooth specifically could have this?

A

Mesiobuccal, distobuccal, Mesiolingual
Max second molars

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30
Q

Here are the cusps located on a 4 cusp max molar?
Which cusp is smaller than the rest?

A

Larger= mesiobuccal, Mesiolingual, distobuccal
Smaller = distolingual

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31
Q

Where are the cusps located on a 5 cusp maxillary molar?
What tooth would have this?

A

2 = size lingual , 2 = size buccal
1 smaller on the lingual “carabelli” - lingual surface of Mesiolingual cusp

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32
Q

Which arch has molars that have a lingual tilt of their crowns?
Which has molars that are centered?

A

Mand
Max

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33
Q

How many roots to max molars have?
Where are they located?
Which is longest?
Shortest?

A

3
Mesio & disto buccal , lingual (palatial)
Lingual is longest
Distobuccal is shortest

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34
Q

How many roots do mand molars have?
Where are they located?
Which is the longest?

A

2
Mesial, distal
Mesial is longer

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35
Q

Which molars have the largest root to crown ratio?

A

Mandibular
** largest ratio in the whole mouth

36
Q

Which arch has molars with shorter root trunks?
Why?

A

Mand
Bifurcation usually close to cervical line

37
Q

What is the order of cusp lengths on max molars?

A

Longest Mesiolingual, mesiobuccal, distobuccal, shortest distolingual if present

38
Q

Which tooth is normally the widest in the upper arch?

A

Max first molar

39
Q

How many roots are present on max molars?
Where are they?
What is the order of lengths/

A

3
Mesiobuccal, distobuccal, lingual
Lingual is longest, disto buccal is shortest

40
Q

Can you see the mesial and distal surfaces on the max first molar crowns from a lingual view?
Why?

A

Not likely
These teeth may be as wide or wider on the lingual half than on the buccal half due to a relatively wide distolingual cusp

41
Q

Which teeth are exceptions to the rule for posterior teeth that there is a taper towards the lingual?

A

Max first molars & 3 cusp mand 2nd pm

42
Q

Maxillary second molars are narrower in the _____ half due to the relatively smaller/ non existent ___

A

Lingual, distolingual cusp

43
Q

Which cusp is normally the largest and highest on maxillary molars?

A

Mesiolingual

44
Q

On around _____ of max 1st molars, the smaller 5th cusp is found on the ___ surface and called the ___

A

2/3 , lingual, carabelli

45
Q

Around ____ of max second molars have 4 cusps?
Which lingual cusp is larger?

A

2/3
Mesiolingual

46
Q

Approx how many max second molars have only 3 cusps?
What are these called?
Where are the cusps located?

A

1/3
Tricuspid form
One lingual cusp and 2 buccal cusps

47
Q

When the 1st and 2nd max molars have 2 lingual cusps, what else is present?
Is this present on 3 cusp max second molars?

A

Lingual groove
Not present; no distolingual cusp so no groove

48
Q

Which cusps are visible from a mesial view on the maxillary first molars?

A

Only the mesial cusps, the broad MB ridge hides the DB cusp

49
Q

On maxillary molars, the ____ marginal ridge is more occlusal than the ___

A

mesial, distal

50
Q

For second max molars, there’s usually a ______ of the buccal cusps
The _____ cusp is noticeably larger

A

Greater difference
Mesiobuccal

51
Q

On max molars, triangular ridges of the _____ and _____ cusps join to form a _________

A

Mesiobuccal, Mesiolingual
Transverse ridge

52
Q

What forms the oblique ridge?
Which arch normally has molars with this ridge?

A

Distal cusp ridge on the Mesiolingual cusp crosses the occlusal table diagonally to join the triangular ridge of the distobuccal cusp

Most max molars ; less prominent on max 2nd

53
Q

Where are the fossa on 4 cusp max molars?
On 3 cusp?

A

Central (largest)
Distal oblique (second largest)
Mesial triangular
Distal triangular

Mesial, central, distal

54
Q

What shape does the occlusal outline of the 3 cusp type max molar make?

A

Heart

55
Q

Mesial and distal contact areas of max molars are all slightly to the ____

A

Buccal

56
Q

On max molars, the mesial contact is ___ buccal than the distal

A

More

57
Q

Which tooth has the largest mesiodistal dimension in the mouth?

A

Mand 1st molar

58
Q

How many cusps does the mand 1st molar normally have?
Where are they

A

5
3 buccal 2 lingual

59
Q

What is the order of longest to shortest cusps on the mand 1st molar?

A

Mesiolingual, distolingual, distobuccal, distal

60
Q

On both mand molars, which cusp is taller?

A

Lingual cusps

61
Q

When there are 3 buccal cusps on the mand 1st molar, where are the grooves?
Which is longer?

A

Mesiobuccal = longer
Distobuccal = shorter

62
Q

How many cusps does the mand 2nd molar have?
What’s the order longest to shortest?

A

4
Mesiolingual, distolingual, mesiobuccal, distobuccal

63
Q

How many buccal grooves do mand 2nd molars have?

A

1

64
Q

Which mand molar has proportionally more tapering of he crown from the contact areas to the CEJ?
Why?

A

Mand 1st has more tapering
Because of the bulge on the distal cusp

65
Q

How many roots do mandibular molars have?
Which is longer?
The roots are nearly ______ as the crown

A

2
Mesial is longer
Twice as long

66
Q

Which mand molars have more separated roots?

A

First

67
Q

Are mand molars narrower on the buccal or lingual?

A

Lingual

68
Q

What is the buccal cervical ridge?
On which arch can this feature be seen on molars?

A

A ridge running mesiodistally on the cervical third of perm molars (height of contour on Be)
Mandibular

69
Q

On which mand molar is the buccal cervical ridge more prominent?

A

Mand 2nd

70
Q

Are mesial or distal cusps higher on the mand molars?

A

Mesial

71
Q

On which root of the mand molars are their both mesial and distal deep developmental depressions?

A

Mesial root

72
Q

On the distal root of mand 1st molars, on which surface is there normally a developmental depression?

A

Distal

73
Q

What is an easy way to distinguish between the first and second mand molars from a proximal view?

A

No distal cusp on 2nd molars

74
Q

How many cusps does the mand 1st molar usually have?
Where are they

A

5
MB, DB, D
ML, DL

75
Q

How many cusps does a mand 2nd molar normally have?
Where are they

A

4
MB, DB, ML, DL

76
Q

What shape is the outline of the mand second molar from the occlusal view?
1st molar?

A

Rectangle
Pentagon (because of buccal budge on DB cusp)

77
Q

Mandibular molars are wider mesiodistally on the _____ half

A

Buccal

78
Q

How many transverse ridges are present on mandibular molars?

A

2 - mesial and distal

79
Q

What are the fossa on the mand 1st molar?
2nd?

A

Mesial triangular, distal triangular, central
Same!

80
Q

What grooves are present on the mand 1st molar?

A

Central, mesiobuccal, distobuccal, lingual

81
Q

What grooves are present on the mand 2nd molar?

A

Central, buccal, lingual

82
Q

Which molar shows more variation in development than any other tooth in the mouth?

A

Max 3rd molars

83
Q

How does the crown of the max 3rd molar compare to the second?

A

Usually smaller, heart shaped, supplementary grooves

84
Q

The average mand 3rd molar shows ______ of the crown (often ______) with ____ roots

A

Irregular development , abnormally large crowns, undersized

85
Q

Which tooth is likely to be impacted?

A

Mand 3rd molars due to lack of space in the jaw

86
Q

What is the tissue flap that covers the mand 3rd molar called?
What is the result of trauma or infection to this tissue called?

A

Operculum
Pericoronitis

Restorative Dentistry (11 decks)

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