Permanent Anterior Teeth Anatomy Flashcards
Maxima central incisor numbers
8, 9
Mandible central incisor numbers
24, 25
Maxilla lateral incisor numbers
7, 10
Mandible lateral incisors numbers
23, 26
Functions of incisors
-cut food (mandibular incisors act like moving blades against maxillary incisors)
-speech (work in tandem with lips and tongue)
-esthetics(highest impact on appearance of smile, provide lip support)
When do anterior teeth show first evidence of calcification
Before age 1
Eruption sequence anterior teeth
Mandibular centrals, mandibular laterals, max centrals, max laterals, mand canines, max canines
Eruption age mandibular centrals
6-7 yo
Eruption age mandibular laterals
7-8 yo
Eruption age maxillary centrals
7-8 yo
Eruption age maxillary laterals
8-9 yo
Eruption age mandibular canines
9-10 yo
Eruption age maxillary canines
11-12 yo
Morphology of incisors
Cervical line, cingulum, mesial marginal ridge, distal marginal ridge, lingual fossa, incisal edge (labial and lingual), incisal ridge
How many developmental lobes on incisors ?
3 - mesial, middle, distal on facial
**usually two shallow vertical developmental depressions separating the lobes
4th can be the lingual lobe (forms cingulum)
Mammelons
3 rounded elevations on incisal edge
Goes away with age, present on newly erupted incisors
All incisor crowns have a relatively ______ incisal edge &the crowns are _________
Straight or slightly curved
Rectangular (longer incisogingivally than wide mesiodistally)
Incisor crown outlines are more _____ on the distal than mesial except for _______, which are symmetrical
Convex, mandibular central incisors
Incisor mesioincisal angles are more ____ than distoincisal edges except on the________ where there angles are not noticeably different
Acute (sharper), mandibular central incisors
Incisor crown contact areas on mesial surfaces are located in the _______
Incisal third
Distal contact areas on incisor crowns are more _____ than the mesial except on the distal of the __________
Why?
Cervical, mandibular central
On same level due to symmetry of mand central incisors
Incisor roots ___ from the cervical line to the apex
Taper (become more narrow)
On maxillary central incisors, the mesiodistally width of the root is _______ as the faciolingual thickness
Approx the same
most incisor roots
Are wider faciolingually than mesiodistally (flattened)
Incisor roots may bend in the ______ third; more likely to bend in the ___ direction
EXCEPT ________ which are not as likely to bend
Apical, distal
Maxillary central incisor roots
Mandibular incisors are generally ______ than maxillary incisors
Mandibular central and lateral incisors are nearly ____
Smaller
The same size (in the same mouth)
Mandibular incisors crowns are ___than maxillary incisor crowns (shape)
Mandibular incisor crowns have contact areas located _____ to the incisal ridge than maxillary incisal crowns
Flatter
Closer
Mandibular incisor crowns are relatively ____ faciolingually than mesiodistally
Maxillary incisors are relatively ____ mesiodistally than faciolingually
wider, wider
Do mandibular or maxillary central incisors have less prominent anatomy ?
Which has smoother lingual surfaces?
Mandibular, mandibular
Are mandibular or maxillary incisor roots longer in proportion to their crowns
Mandibular
Widest crown of all incisors
Maxillary central incisors
Basic geometric shape of max central incisors
Trapezoidal
Perikymata/imbrication lines
Small lines parallel to incisal edge that are formed due to the arrangement of the enamel prisms
Mesial marginal ridge on max central incisors is ____ than distal marginal ridge
Longer
Cingulum on max central incisors is offset to the ____ to allow room for ____
Distal, incisal papilla
Labial outline on max central incisors is ______, lingual outline is _____ convex (from Incisal view)
Slightly convex, more
The incisal edge lies ___ or _____ to the root axis line on max central incisors (proximal view)
On, facial
CEJ on mesial of max central incisors exhibits …
The greatest depth of curvature compared to any tooth surface in the mouth
Maxillary lateral incisors (permanent) displays _____ variation than any other permanent tooth except ______
Greater, third molars
What is the difference between maxillary central and lateral incisors (permanent)
Basically the same in all aspects but SMALLER in scale, generally more round
Labial surface more convex than central
Narrower mesiodistally than central
More rounded mesioincisal angle than central
Mesial/distal marginal ridges more prominent than central
Lingual fossa deeper/more pronounced than central
***more variation in laterals
On maxillary lateral incisors, the lingual gingival groove (fissure) may …
Cross cingulum onto cementum
Are max central or lateral incisors more caries prone? Why?
Laterals, more likely to find pits and grooves near cingulum
The cingulum on the lateral max incisors is ____
Nearly centered mesiodistally
Are lateral or central max incisors more convex labially?
Lateral
Simple and least variable teeth
Mandibular incisors
Smallest category of permanent teeth
Mandibular incisors
Are maxillary central incisor or mand central incisor crowns longer incisocervically?
Wider mesiodistally?
Mandibular, maxillary
Mandibular central incisors have the ____ crown size of any tooth and their crowns are
Smallest, symmetrical
Mesioincisal angle on mand central incisors is ____compared to other incisors
Quite sharp
The lingual surface of mandibular central incisors are _______ and have only _____ concavity, ______ marginal ridges, and _____ cingulum
Relatively smooth, slight, indistinct, small
The facial surface of mandibular central incisors is _________ and the incisal edge lies _____ or ____ to the root axis line
Uniformly convex, on, lingual
Mandibular central incisors are wider labiolingually or mesiodistally?
Labiolingually
**unlike maxillary central incisor
Differences between mandibular lateral incisors and centrals
Lateral = more rounded, slightly larger
Distoincisal angle is more rounded than central because incisal edge slopes slightly gingival
Cingulum more offset to the distal on laterals
On laterals, you can see the distal incisal edge from the mesial because it turns
Contact points on the mandibular incisors are in the ____ third
Incisal
On mandibular lateral incisors, the incisal edge curves toward the _____, and the cingulum is displaced toward the ____
Lingual, distal
These factors give the town the appearance of being slightly twisted on its root
Incisor shape recap:
Mesioincisal angle is more square, distoincisal angle more rounded
From a f/l view, all teeth have crown shaped like a trapezoid with the short side gingival
From a proximal view, anterior teeth have crown shaped like a triangle or wedge
Incisal edges of maxillary teeth are ___ to the incisal edges of mandibular teeth
Labial
Normal overjet on incisors
Maxillary incisal edge lines up with facial surface height of contour of mandibular teeth
**can draw a vertical line from max incisal edge to facial surface
Normal overbite on incisors
The incisal edges of mandibular incisors are hidden from view by the overlapping maxillary incisors
**incisal third of max covers incisal third of mand
Facial embrasure narrower than lingual embrasure on all teeth except _______ and between ________ centrals
Maxillary first molar, mandibular
The cingulum is distal on the ____, _____, ____
Max central, mand lateral, mand canine
Cingulum is centered on the ____, _____, ____
Max lateral, max canine, mand central
Which is the only tooth with a cross section through CEJ that appears triangular ?
Maxillary central incisors
Largest to smallest incisal embrasure (anteriors)
Max canine& lat , mand canine & lat , Max lateral & central , max centrals, mand lat & cent , mand centrals
First succedaneous teeth
Mandibular central incisors
The incisal edge of mandibular central incisors is ____ to long axis of tooth
Lingual
Numbers for maxillary canines
6, 11
Numbers for mandibular canines
22, 27
Functions of canines
Support lips and facial muscles
To cut, pierce, or shear food morsels
Provides a protective mechanism when the max and mand canines overlap when the mandible moves either side relieving posterior teeth (canine guidance)
Canine guidance
A type of occlusion that occurs when max and mand canines make contact during lateral mandibular movements, causing the posterior teeth to disocclude
Canines are the _____ of the permanent teeth
Longest
Canine position
3rd tooth from midline
**corners of mouth
Canines are frequently the ____ teeth to be lost due to dental diseases
Last
Canines, because of their ____, _____ roots are ___anchor teeth to attach replacements for lost teeth
Large, long , good
Morphology of canines
Cervical line
Cingulum
Distal marginal ridge
Mesial marginal ridge
Distal lingual fossa
Mesial lingual fossa
Lingual ridge
Distal cusp ridge
Mesial cusp ridge
The mandibular canine crown is _____ than the maxillary canine crown even though the maxillary canine is the ______ tooth
Longer, longest
Only teeth with labial ridges
Canines
The measurement of a maxillary or mandibular canine crown is greater __________ than it is __________
Labiolingually, mesiodistally
The distal contact areas on canines are more ______ than the mesial contact areas
Cervical
Canine eminence
Special projection of bone that houses the long, thick root of the canine
Anterior to canine eminence is the incisal fossa and posterior to the canine eminence lies the canine fossa
***the prominence on the labial aspect of the maxilla overlying the root of the canine tooth
Mesial contact on maxillary canine LOCATION
At the junction of the incisal and middle third
Distal contact on maxillary canine location
Middle third of the crown
The cusp and cusp ridges on maxillary canines make up ______ of the cervicoincisal length of the crown
1/3
Labial ridge on max canine is mostly made up by the
Middle labial lobe
The cingulum on the max canine is
Centered mesiodistally
The lingual ridge on max canines…
Separates the mesial and distal fossae
On max canines, is the mesial marginal ridge or distal marginal ridge longer?
Mesial
The cusp tip on max canines is ____ to the root axis line (prox view)
Labial
The root on maxillary canines is very ______ faciolingually in the ______third and even more so in the ______ third
The root also has depressions on which surfaces?
Broad, cervical, middle
Mesial and distal
The incisal edge on maxillary incisors and canines can never be ____ to the root axis line
Lingual
Is the max canine wider labiolingually or mesiodistally?
Labiolingually (only slightly)
The mandibular canine crown is ____ and ___ than max canine crown
Longer, narrower
The cusp and cusp ridges on the mandibular canine make up ____ of the cervicoinsical length of the crown
1/5
The mesial side of the mandibular canine is ____ in relation to the mesial side of root
The mesial side of the tooth is curved or flat?
In line
Flat
The cingulum on the mandibular canine lies ____ to the root axis line
Distal
Mandibular canine from a lingual view - what do we notice?
Ridges and fossae are not prominent
Mesial contacts on the mand canines are located in the ____ third
Incisal
Distal contacts on the mandibular canines are located ?
Junction of the incisal/middle third
On mandibular canines, the incisal ridge(cusp tip) lies ____ to the root axis line (proximal view)
Lingual
Mandibular canines have ____ crown and root bulge on the facial meaning they have almost ______
Minimal, continuous crown-root convexity
Are mandibular canines wider labiolingually or mesiodistally? Is it significant?
Labiolingual dimension is NOTICEABLY larger than
Are mandibular canines wider labiolingually or mesiodistally? Is it significant?
Labiolingual dimension is NOTICEABLY larger than
Is the overall anatomy of the max or mand canine more obvious ?
Max canine is more obvious
For mandibular incisors & canines, the incisal edge/cusp tip is never _____ to the root axis line
Labial
Top three longest crowns in mouth
Mandibular canine, maxillary central, maxillary canine
Tooth with the longest root in the mouth
Maxillary canine
**think of the canine eminence
Widest anterior tooth faciolingually
Maxillary canine
Is the mesial cusp slope longer or shorter than the distal cusp slope (facial side) on maxillary canines
Shorter
Longest tooth and root in the mouth
Maxillary canine
2nd longest tooth and root
Mandibular canine
Which anterior tooth could most likely have two roots (bifurcation) ?
Mandibular canine
Only anterior tooth that has mesial inclination of root (can also be distal)
Mandibular canine
