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Restorative Dentistry > Intro to Dental Terminology // Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Intro to Dental Terminology // Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Homodonts

A

Animals that have teeth all within the same dentition

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2
Q

Heterodonts

A

Animals W/ teeth that have different classes

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3
Q

Monophyodont

A

“Having one set of teeth” (ex beluga whale, deli, porpoise)

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4
Q

Polyphydont

A

Dentitions w/an endless succession of teeth
(Ex: shark, frog )

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5
Q

Diphyodont

A

“Having 2 sets of teeth “
Mammals usually have primary (deciduous) and secondary (permanent) dentitions

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6
Q

Humans are :

A

Diphyodonts and heterodonts

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7
Q

Maxillary arch

A

Upper jaw

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8
Q

Mandibular arch

A

Lower jaw

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9
Q

Primary dentition

A
  • ages 2-6
    -3 classes: incisors, canines, molars
    -20 teeth
    -all teeth lost by 12/13
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10
Q

Formula for primary dentition

A

I 2/2 C 1/1 M2/2 = 5 upper teeth & 5 lower teeth in each quadrant

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11
Q

Secondary dentition

A

-adults
-32 teeth
- four classes ; incisors, canines, premolars, molars

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12
Q

Formula for secondary teeth

A

I 2/2 C 1/1 PM 2/2 M 3/3 = 8 teeth per quadrant

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13
Q

Anterior teeth

A

Incisors and canines

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14
Q

Posterior teeth

A

Premolars and molars

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15
Q

Universal tooth identification system

A

Lettered A-T starting at max. right 2nd molar (primary)
Numbered 1-32 starting at max. right 3rd molar (secondary)

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16
Q

FDI FIRST DIGIT

A

Two digits for each tooth
- first digit = quadrant
1=perm dent, max right quad
2= perm dent, max left quad
3=perm dent, mand left quad
4= perm dent, mand right quad
5= prim dent, max right quad
6= prim dent, max left quad
7=prim dent, mand left quad
8= prim dent, mand right quad

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17
Q

FDI second digit

A

Tooth position relative to midline
1= central incisor, 8= 3rd molar

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18
Q

Palmer notation system

A

Ortho & oral surgeons
Four bracket shapes
] = upper right quad
[ = upper left quad
-] = lower right quad
[- = lower left quad
(Letter or number would be in space)

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19
Q

Tooth anatomy overview

A

Enamel, dentin, cementum are relatively hard (calcified)
Only enamel and cementum normally visible in intact extracted tooth

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20
Q

Enamel

A

White, protective external surface layer of anatomic crown
Hardest substance in body
95% calcium hydroxyapatite, 5% water & enamel matrix
Develops from ectoderm (enamel organ) and product of epithelial cells called ameloblasts

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21
Q

Cementum

A

Dull yellow external layer of tooth root
Very thin
65% calcium hydroxyapatite (mineralized and calcified), 35% organic matter (collagen fibers)
Softer than enamel, about as hard as bone
Develops form the dental sac (mesodermal), produced by cementoblasts

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22
Q

Dentin

A

Hard yellowish tissue underlying enamel and cementum
Major bulk of inner Postino of each tooth crown & root
Visible in radiograph or when tooth has been worn due to decay or restoration process
Harder than cementum, softer & less brittle than enamel
70% calcium hydroxyapatite, 18% organic matter and water
Develops from embryonic dental papilla (mesodermal) and formed by odontoblasts

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23
Q

Pulp

A

Soft connective tissue in the cavity of the tooth crown& root (pulp cavity) - lots of blood vessels and nerves
Coronal portion = pulp chamber
Root portion = pulp canal or root canal
Surrounded by dentin expect a hole(s) near apex = apical foramen where nerves and blood vessels enter
Develops from dental papilla (mesoderm)

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24
Q

Periodontal ligament

A

Dark line surrounding tooth between enamel and alveolar bone

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25
Q

Anatomic crown

A

Part of tooth normally covered by enamel layer

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26
Q

Anatomic root

A

Part of tooth covered by cementum
Cementoenamel junction /cervical line separates anatomical crown from root
**does not change over patients life

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27
Q

Clinical crown

A

Amount of tooth visible in oral cavity
** can change over lifetime

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28
Q

Clinical root

A

Amount of tooth not visible because of gingiva

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29
Q

Patient example; 10 yo with erupting teeth (clinical versus anatomical)

A

Clinical crown shorter than anatomical; clinical root longer than anatomical

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30
Q

Patient example, 70 yo with gingival recession

A

Clinical crown longer than anatomical, clinical tooth shorter than anatomical

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31
Q

Facial surface

A

Surface of a tooth in the mouth resting against or next to the cheeks/lips
Can describe anterior and posterior teeth

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32
Q

Buccal surface

A

Describes facial surface of POSTERIOR teeth

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33
Q

Labial surface

A

Describes facial surface of anterior teeth

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34
Q

Lingual surface

A

Surface nearest to tongue

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35
Q

Palatal surface

A

Lingual surface of maxillary teeth

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36
Q

Occlusal surface

A

Chewing surface of posterior tooth

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37
Q

Incisal edge/ridge

A

On anterior teeth (since no occlusal surface)

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38
Q

Proximal surfaces

A

Sides of tooth next to an adjacent tooth
Not naturally cleaned by action of cheeks, lips, tongue

39
Q

Mesial surface

A

Proximal surface nearest to midline

40
Q

Distal surface

A

Proximal surface farther from midline

41
Q

External line angle

A

Junction line where two surfaces meet
Replace ‘Al’ with ‘o’
Naming order - mesial, distal, facial, lingual, occlusal/incisal

42
Q

Point angles

A

Junctions of three tooth surfaces at a point

43
Q

Dimension of a tooth

A

Ex; length of an incisor crown from the incisal edge to the cervical line is called incisocervically
Other examples; mesiodistal, faciolingual, buccolingual, occlusocervical

44
Q

Length of a root

A

Could be describes as its cervioapical dimension

45
Q

Dimensions of crown

A

When looking from facial, lingual, buccal, mesial, distal ;
Horizontal lines separate cervical, middle, and occlusal/incisal

46
Q

Root dimensions

A

Horizontal lines can separate the cervical, middle, and apical thirds

47
Q

Viewing tooth from facial or lingual

A

Tooth can be separated with vertical lines that indicate mesial, middle, and distal thirds

48
Q

Viewing tooth from proximal surfaces

A

Vertical lines can separate facial, middle, and lingual thirds

49
Q

Viewing tooth from occlusal or incisal angle

A

Lines running mesiodistally can separate into facial, middle and lingual thirds
Lines running faciolingually can separate into mesial, middle, and distal thirds

50
Q

Root to crown ratio

A

We know the length of a tooth root from the cervical line to the apex( or tip of longest buccal root for teeth with multiple roots)
Normally > 1.0
** clinical significance = tooth with small root to crown ratio is not best for attaching or supporting false teeth

51
Q

Morphology; elevations and ridges

A

Elevations = rounded, Ridges= linear

52
Q

Morphology; elevations and ridges

A

Elevations = rounded, Ridges= linear

53
Q

Cusp

A

Pyramidal elevation/peak on occlusal surfaces/incisal edges
Named based on location

54
Q

Cusp

A

Pyramidal elevation/peak on occlusal surfaces/incisal edges
Named based on location

55
Q

Premolar cusp naming

A

Buccal or lingual

56
Q

Molar cusp naming

A

Named after adjacent line angles; mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, distolingual

57
Q

Ridges (linear) 4

A

More subtle= facial
Mesial cusp ridge = extends from the cusp tip toward the mesial surface
Distal cusp ridge extends from the cusp tip toward the distal surface
Triangular ridge = cusp tip to the faciolingual middle of the tooth

58
Q

Cusp slopes/cusp arms

A

Mesial and distal cusp ridges

59
Q

Marginal ridges

A

On anterior teeth - mesial and distal marginal ridges are located on the mesial and distal border of the lingual surface and converge toward the CINGULUM
On posterior teeth - marginal ridges are located on the mesial and distal borders of the occlusal surface

60
Q

Triangular ridges

A

Located on each major cusp of posterior teeth
Extends from a cusp tip towards the depression (suculus) in the middle of the occlusal surface faciolingually

61
Q

Transverse ridge

A

When a triangular ridge from a facial cusp joins with a triangular ridge from an adjacent lingual cusp to form a longer ridge

62
Q

Oblique ridge

A

When a triangular ridge form a facial cusp joins with triangular ridge from a diagonal lingual cusp to create a longer ridge

63
Q

Mamelons

A

Three small tubercles or scallops formed from the three facial developmental lobes on the incisal edges of newly erupted incisors

64
Q

Perikymata

A

Numerous minute horizontal ridges on the enamel of newly erupted permanent teeth
Formed from the overlapping of layers of enamel laid down during formation
Closer together in the cervical third of the crown than the incisal third

65
Q

Developmental grooves

A

Major, sharply defined narrow linear depressions formed during tooth development; usually separating the lobes of the tooth

66
Q

Central groove

A

Located in the buccolingual center of the tooth sulcus
Runs mesiodistally

67
Q

Fossa developmental grooves / triangular fossa grooves

A

At the ends of the central groove
Split off toward line angles of the tooth
Named based on which line angles they aim towards

68
Q

On molars and three cusped premolars ….

A

Buccal grooves on mandibular = separates mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusps ; central groove to buccal surface
Lingual grooves on maxillary molars = separates mesiolingual and distolingual cusps ; central sulcus onto lingual surface

69
Q

Supplemental grooves

A

Additional grooves that are not developmental
Small and irregular grooves on occlusal surface; do not occur at junction of lobes

70
Q

Fissure

A

Very narrow cleft or crevice at the depth of any groove
Caused by incomplete fusion of enamel during tooth development

71
Q

Fossa

A

Small hollow or depression found between marginal ridges on the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth and at specific locations on occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth

72
Q

Pits

A

Occur at the depth of a fossa where two or more grooves join

73
Q

Root apex

A

Tip at the end of the root; often with visible openings called apical foramina

74
Q

Cervix

A

(Neck) slightly constricted region of union of the crown and root

75
Q

Root trunk

A

(Trunk base) part of the root of a multirooted molar or two rooted premolar next to the cementoenamel junction that has not yet split

76
Q

Furcation

A

Place on multirooted teeth where the root trunk divides into separate roots

77
Q

Root trunk dividing

A

Bifurcation on two rooted teeth
Trifucation on three rooted teeth

78
Q

Furcal region / interradicular space

A

Region between two or more roots, apical to the place where the roots divide from the root trunk

79
Q

Cervical line (CEJ) curvature

A

Viewing from mesial or distal - cervical line curves toward the incisal or occlusal surface (convex)
Normally curvature is greater on the mesial surface than the distal surface
Curvature greatest for central incisors and lessens moving distally around the quadrant

80
Q

Mid-root axis line / root axis line

A

With imaginary line through center of tooth root
Displayed on facial or lingual surface as a line that divides the tooth at the cervix into mesial and distal halves
Displayed on the mesial or distal surface as a line that divides the tooth at the cervix into facial and lingual halves

81
Q

Height of contour/ crest of curvature on facial/lingual surfaces purpose

A

Shape and extent of the greatest bulge help determine direction of food particles as they are pushed cervical over the tooth surface during mastication (chewing)
Tooth contours divert food away form the thin free gingiva towards firmer tissues

82
Q

Height of contour on facial/lingual surfaces

A

Anterior teeth = facial and lingual heights of contour in the cervical third of the crown
Posterior teeth = HOC on the facial surface in the cervical third of the crown and HOC on the lingual in the middle third of the crown

83
Q

Contact areas / proximal heights of contour PURPOSR

A

Greatest heights of contour on the proximal surfaces
-stabilizes the position of teeth within each arch
-prevent food impaction
-protects the interdental papillae of gingiva by diverting food buccally and lingually

84
Q

Diastema

A

Space that exists between two adjacent teeth in the same arch that is not the result of a missing tooth

85
Q

Contact areas general guidelines

A

When viewing from facial:
—contact areas are either in the incisal third, the junction of incisal and middle thirds, or in the middle of the crown
-on most teeth the distal contact is more cervical than the mesial
-mesial contact areas on central incisors are most incisal, contact areas on molars are more cervically
When viewing from incisal/occlusal:
-contacts on anterior teeth are nearly centered faciolingually
-contacts on posterior teeth are often located slightly to the facial of the tooth midline buccolingually

86
Q

Embrasure spaces

A

V shaped open space formed by the curved tooth surfaces that sweep away from proximal contact areas
4 types - interproximal, occlusal/incisal, facial, lingual

87
Q

Interproximal space

A

Cervical to the contact area and between two teeth

88
Q

Incisal/ occlusal embrasure

A

Widen occlusally from contact area; area between the marginal ridges on two adjacent teeth and the occlusal to their contact area
Where we place floss before passing it through contact area to clean tooth surfaces in interproximal space

89
Q

Lingual embrasure

A

Widen lingually from contact area

90
Q

Buccal embrasure

A

Widen buccally/facially from contact area

91
Q

Interdental papilla

A

Projection of free gingival tissue; resides cervically to each proximal contact
In healthy mouths, forms a triangular shape from the facial view but resembles a slightly sagging test from proximal view ( called the col)

92
Q

Embrasure spaces key points

A

Lingual embrasure is usually larger than facial
-most teeth narrower on lingual side than facial side
-contact pints are located facial to the faciolingual midline of the crown
Occlusal or incisal embrasure is usually shallow from the occlusal surface to the contact areas and is narrow faciolingually on anterior teeth but broad on posterior teeth

93
Q

Embrasure spaces key points

A

Lingual embrasure is usually larger than facial
-most teeth narrower on lingual side than facial side
-contact pints are located facial to the faciolingual midline of the crown
Occlusal or incisal embrasure is usually shallow from the occlusal surface to the contact areas and is narrow faciolingually on anterior teeth but broad on posterior teeth

Restorative Dentistry (11 decks)

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