Dental Anomalies Flashcards
The initiation stage of tooth development starts at approximately _______ in utero
_____ cells of the ________ proliferate
The ______ becomes distinctive from the ______ and connects the developing tooth bud to ______
6 weeks
Basal cells, oral epithelium
Dental lamina, oral epi, oral epi
In the bud stage, _____ proliferate into the ____ of the jaw
The cells are _____
The actual tooth bud is a group of cells at the _____ of the _______
Epithelial cells, ectomesenchyme
Not clearly arranged yet
Periphery of the dental lamina
In the cap stage, a small group of _____ form the dental papilla
The tooth bud (_____) grows around _____ and takes on a cap shape
Eventually, the tooth bud forms ___ and the dental papilla forms _____ and _____
Ectomesenchymal cells
Enamel organ, dental papilla
Enamel, dentin and pulp
In the bell stage, the enamel organ is ____ shaped and ___________ takes place
The _______ disintegrates, separating tooth from ______
During the late bell stage, ______ and _____ (_______) develop
Bell
Morphodifferentiation
Dental laminate, oral epithelium
Enamel and dentin (hard tissues)
Anodontia means _____________
Total anodontia =
Partial anodontia/hypodontia =
Oligodontia =
The cause of anodontia is that _________ inhibit _________ from forming
Absence of teeth
Total= complete absence of teeth
Partial = partial absence of teeth
Oligodontia= 6+ teeth absent
Congenital factors inhibit one or more tooth buds from forming
Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia is a genetic disorders involving __________ (____)
The ectoderm forms :
What dental anomaly is associated with this condition?
Abnormal development of the ectoderm (outer embryonic cell layer)
Ectoderm forms: teeth, skin, nervous system, sweat glands, hair, nails
Complete anodontia !!!!
What are the most common absent teeth in partial anodontia/hypodontia (in order)
Most common :Third molars (especially max)
2nd: max laterals
3rd: mand 2nd pm
What is supernumerary teeth?
Supernumerary teeth results from the ______ of permanent tooth bud
In what dentitions does it occur?
In which jaw is it most common?
More than usual teeth
Results from splitting of permanent tooth bud
In both permanent and primary dentitions
Most often in maxilla
What are the most common locations of supernumerary teeth? (In order)
Most common: max incisors (max midline)
2nd: third molar area (mostly max)
3rd: mand pm area
________ are small, ______ shaped supernumerary tooth that forms between max central incisors
Mesiodens, cone-shaped
Supernumerary third molars, sometimes called “______” _______ erupt and are often ____ found on X-ray
Fourth molars
Rarely erupt
Incidental findings
Supernumerary mand pm generally _____ anatomically
And are often crowded or positioned ____ (or ______)
Resemble pm
Lingually (or facially)
Normal shaped tooth, but larger in size is called _________
And is usually seen in _____ and _____, oftentimes associated what system conditions like _______
Macrodontia
Incisors and canines
Gigantism
Normal shaped tooth, but smaller in size is called ______
And usually affects _____ and ________
Microdontia
Max lateral and third molars
Peg laterals ( a form of _____) tend to be ________ shaped
The development of the peg lateral occurs from _____ lobe instead of the normal ___ lobes
(Microdontia)
Cone shaped
1 lobe vs 4 lobes
Incomplete splitting of a single developing tooth into two is called _________
These teeth have ___ root and _____ pulp chamber
How does the tooth appear?
Where is this most common?
Gemination (twinning)
1 root and 1 pulp chamber
Tooth appears extra wide with a notch
Most common in primary dentition and max anteriors
When two separate adjacent crowns fuse together and appear to be double in width it is called ______
There are ____ root and _____ separate pulp chambers
When does this occur?
Fusion
2 roots and 2 separate canals
Occurs by pressure or force during development of adjacent roots
What conditions is associated with Hutchinson’s Incisors?
How do these teeth appear?
Congenital syphillis (passed from mother)
Appear notched, broad cervical, more narrow incisally
What conditions is associated with Mulberry Molars?
Which molars are affected and how do they appear?
Congenital syphilis
First molars, appear with occlusal anatomy made of tiny tubercles and poorly developed cusps (look like little berries)
What are talon cusps and which teeth do they affect?
What surface?
What might happen if these cusps are removed to restore occlusion?
Extra cusp on lingual surface of anterior teeth
Endo therapy might be necessary since cusp might have a pulp horn
Accessory molar cusps can occur on ___ molars and can occur from _______
All molars, localized hyperplasia
Tuberculum intermedium is a _________ on ____ molars
3rd lingual cusp on mand molars
Tuberculum sextum is a _____ on ____ molars near the ________
Extra cusp on mand molars near the distal marginal ridge
Dens in dente, aka “_______”, can only be diagnosed via ____
And results from the ____ of _______ of ______ prior to calcification
“Tooth within a tooth”, radiograph
Invagination of the epithelium of enamel organ
Dens in dente appears clinically as a ______ near ____ of _____ and is almost exclusively seen in _____ and can occur in ____ laterals
Deep crevice near Cingulum of Incisors
Anterior teeth, can occur in peg laterals
Shovel shaped incisors have pronounced _______ and ______
Cingulum and marginal ridges
Enamel pearls are nodules of ______ within ________ on _______
Usually found in the ______ areas of _____
Enamel within dentin core on root surfaces
Furcation areas of molars
Enamel pearls can lead to _____ problems because they prevent normal _____
Periodontal problems
Normal root-bone attachment apparatus
Taurodontia present with ________ pulp chamber ______ cervical constriction
Very long pulp chamber without cervical constriction (aka no flared roots and skinny part near cervical portion of crown)
Dilaceration is a ____ in the root, often found in ________ and may be due to _____ or _________
Severe bend, accessory roots
Traumatic injury or insufficient space for development
The fusion of cementum of two adjacent teeth (after eruption) is called _______ and occurs due to _____ or ______
Concresence, close proximity or excess cementum deposition
Teeth with dwarfed roots have ______ sized crowns but _____ roots
Can result from ______ because of ________
Normal crowns, small roots
Ortho because of rapid tooth movement
Excess cementum around the root, called _____, can be caused by ___, _____, or ______
Hypercementosis
Trauma, metabolic dysfunction, periodontical inflammation
Accessory roots can occur in which types of teeth (most commonly ) and usually occurs as a ___ and ___ split
Third molars, mand canines, mand pm
Facial and lingual split
Impacted teeth are _____ due to _______
Most often ____ and ______ (tooth types)
Unerupted due to mechanical obstruction
Third molars and max canines
Ectopic eruption / transposition occurs most often in _____ and can be split into two categories ____ or ____
Canines
Labioverison - tooth located too far facial
Linguoversion - tooth too far lingual
Supraeruption occurs when there are ______, which allows for ____ ______ movement
Why does this pose a problem?
No opposing teeth in occlusion, allows for downward (toward opposing jaw ***) bodily movement
There will be no room for implants
In infraeruption, the tooth is _______ and will not ______, therefore is not involved in _____
Fused to bone and will not erupt further, not involved in occlusion
The loss of periodontal ligament space, causing the tooth to fuse with the bone is called _____ and is associated with _______
This can be caused by ____ or ____ to the ___space
In what dentition is this more common?
What is important to note about this?
Ankylosis, infraeruption
Infection or trauma to the PDL space
More common in primary dentition, important to note that there is likely no perm tooth underneath
Also that this tooth will be difficult to extract, tho likely will be avoided unless there is no chance of restoration, because pt would need implant
What is dysplasia?
What are the types?
Abnormal development
Hypomineralization = too little mineral content
Hypocalcification = too little calcium
What is hypoplasia?
Incomplete formation of a tissue
What is amelogenesis imperfecta?
What dentition does it affect?
What are some complications related to this condition?
Hereditary partial or complete lack of enamel
Affects primary and permanent
Abnormal tooth color, higher risk of decay, hypersensitivity, likely to undergo attrition (wearing down) due to mastication forces
What is the cause of fluorosis?
What are the appearances?
Ingestion of high concentration of fluoride
Mottled enamel - color change to white or yellow/brown spots
Pitted enamel - pits within the enamel
Focal enamel hypoplasia (_____) occurs in the _____ of ______ and can occur due to ____, _______, ______, or _____-
Hypomaturation
Middle crown of smooth tooth surfaces
Trauma, infection of adjacent abscessed primary tooth, high fever during tooth formation, other interference during enamel matrix formation
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a condition that affects _____
Teeth are _____ and susceptible to _____; appear ____ (____) and may have _____ or ________ of pulp chambers
Odontoblasts (hereditary)
Weak, attrition
Appear opalescent (light blue gray/yellow in color)
Total or partial calcification of pulp chambers
When does tetracycline staining occur?
What factor influences which teeth are affected?
How do teeth appear?
When tetracycline is ingested by a pregnant woman or an infant/child during tooth formation and calcification
teeth affected depend on age at which tetracycline was administered
Teeth appear yellow or gray band with staining bands
Attrition is the wearing away of _____ and even possibly ____ due to _____
Excessive ____ is called ______
Enamel, dentin, grinding of teeth
Excessive grinding is called bruxism
Abrasion is the ______ of tooth structure and often occurs due to ____ or _____ and is normally located around ____ area
Mechanical wear of tooth structure
Hard toothbrush use or aggressive brushing
Cervical area
What is abfraction?
Bending/flexure of tooth caused by heavy occlusal forces
Tooth loss due to exposure to chemicals is called _____ and can be caused by ___, ___, ___,_____
What is the characteristic appearance of teeth that have undergone this?
Erosion
Bulimia, severe acid reflux, lemon sucking, excessive intake of carbonated beverages or other acidic beverages and foods
** teeth have shiny areas left behind by acid, making them difficult to fill because they are slippery
