Dental Anomalies

Question 1

The initiation stage of tooth development starts at approximately _______ in utero
_____ cells of the ________ proliferate
The ______ becomes distinctive from the ______ and connects the developing tooth bud to ______

Answer 1

6 weeks
Basal cells, oral epithelium
Dental lamina, oral epi, oral epi

Question 2

In the bud stage, _____ proliferate into the ____ of the jaw
The cells are _____
The actual tooth bud is a group of cells at the _____ of the _______

Answer 2

Epithelial cells, ectomesenchyme
Not clearly arranged yet
Periphery of the dental lamina

Question 3

In the cap stage, a small group of _____ form the dental papilla
The tooth bud (_____) grows around _____ and takes on a cap shape
Eventually, the tooth bud forms ___ and the dental papilla forms _____ and _____

Answer 3

Ectomesenchymal cells
Enamel organ, dental papilla
Enamel, dentin and pulp

Question 4

In the bell stage, the enamel organ is ____ shaped and ___________ takes place
The _______ disintegrates, separating tooth from ______
During the late bell stage, ______ and _____ (_______) develop

Answer 4

Bell
Morphodifferentiation
Dental laminate, oral epithelium
Enamel and dentin (hard tissues)

Question 5

Anodontia means _____________
Total anodontia =
Partial anodontia/hypodontia =
Oligodontia =
The cause of anodontia is that _________ inhibit _________ from forming

Answer 5

Absence of teeth
Total= complete absence of teeth
Partial = partial absence of teeth
Oligodontia= 6+ teeth absent
Congenital factors inhibit one or more tooth buds from forming

Question 6

Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia is a genetic disorders involving __________ (____)
The ectoderm forms :

What dental anomaly is associated with this condition?

Answer 6

Abnormal development of the ectoderm (outer embryonic cell layer)
Ectoderm forms: teeth, skin, nervous system, sweat glands, hair, nails

Complete anodontia !!!!

Question 7

What are the most common absent teeth in partial anodontia/hypodontia (in order)

Answer 7

Most common :Third molars (especially max)
2nd: max laterals
3rd: mand 2nd pm

Question 8

What is supernumerary teeth?
Supernumerary teeth results from the ______ of permanent tooth bud
In what dentitions does it occur?
In which jaw is it most common?

Answer 8

More than usual teeth
Results from splitting of permanent tooth bud
In both permanent and primary dentitions
Most often in maxilla

Question 9

What are the most common locations of supernumerary teeth? (In order)

Answer 9

Most common: max incisors (max midline)
2nd: third molar area (mostly max)
3rd: mand pm area

Question 10

________ are small, ______ shaped supernumerary tooth that forms between max central incisors

Answer 10

Mesiodens, cone-shaped

Question 11

Supernumerary third molars, sometimes called “______” _______ erupt and are often ____ found on X-ray

Answer 11

Fourth molars
Rarely erupt
Incidental findings

Question 12

Supernumerary mand pm generally _____ anatomically
And are often crowded or positioned ____ (or ______)

Answer 12

Resemble pm
Lingually (or facially)

Question 13

Normal shaped tooth, but larger in size is called _________
And is usually seen in _____ and _____, oftentimes associated what system conditions like _______

Answer 13

Macrodontia
Incisors and canines
Gigantism

Question 14

Normal shaped tooth, but smaller in size is called ______
And usually affects _____ and ________

Answer 14

Microdontia
Max lateral and third molars

Question 15

Peg laterals ( a form of _____) tend to be ________ shaped
The development of the peg lateral occurs from _____ lobe instead of the normal ___ lobes

Answer 15

(Microdontia)
Cone shaped
1 lobe vs 4 lobes

Question 16

Incomplete splitting of a single developing tooth into two is called _________
These teeth have ___ root and _____ pulp chamber
How does the tooth appear?
Where is this most common?

Answer 16

Gemination (twinning)
1 root and 1 pulp chamber
Tooth appears extra wide with a notch
Most common in primary dentition and max anteriors

Question 17

When two separate adjacent crowns fuse together and appear to be double in width it is called ______
There are ____ root and _____ separate pulp chambers
When does this occur?

Answer 17

Fusion
2 roots and 2 separate canals
Occurs by pressure or force during development of adjacent roots

Question 18

What conditions is associated what the heck Hutchinson’s Incisors?
How do these teeth appear?

Answer 18

Congenital syphillis (passed from mother)
Appear notched, broad cervical, more narrow incisally

Question 19

What conditions is associated with Mulberry Molars?
Which molars are affected and how do they appear?

Answer 19

Congenital syphilis
First molars, appear with occlusal anatomy made of tiny tubercles and poorly developed cusps (look like little berries)

Question 20

What are talon cusps and which teeth do they affect?
What surface?
What might happen if these cusps are removed to restore occlusion?

Answer 20

Extra cusp on lingual surface of anterior teeth
Endo therapy might be necessary since cusp might have a pulp horn

Question 21

Accessory molar cusps can occur on ___ molars and can occur from _______

Answer 21

All molars, localized hyperplasia

Question 22

Tuberculum intermedium is a _________ on ____ molars

Answer 22

3rd lingual cusp on mand molars

Question 23

Tuberculum sextum is a _____ on ____ molars near the ________

Answer 23

Extra cusp on mand molars near the distal marginal ridge

Question 24

Dens in dente, aka “_______”, can only be diagnosed via ____
And results from the ____ of _______ of ______ prior to calcification

Answer 24

“Tooth within a tooth”, radiograph
Invagination of the epithelium of enamel organ

Question 25

Dens in dente appears clinically as a ______ near ____ of _____ and is almost exclusively seen in _____ and can occur in ____ laterals

Answer 25

Deep crevice near Cingulum of Incisors
Anterior teeth, can occur in peg laterals

Question 26

Shovel shaped incisors have pronounced _______ and ______

Answer 26

Cingulum and marginal ridges

Question 27

Enamel pearls are nodules of ______ within ________ on _______
Usually found in the ______ areas of _____

Answer 27

Enamel within dentin core on root surfaces
Furcation areas of molars

Question 28

Enamel pearls can lead to _____ problems because they prevent normal _____

Answer 28

Periodontal problems
Normal root-bone attachment apparatus

Question 29

Taurodontia present with ________ pulp chamber ______ cervical constriction

Answer 29

Very long pulp chamber without cervical constriction (aka no flared roots and skinny part near cervical portion of crown)

Question 30

Dilaceration is a ____ in the root, often found in ________ and may be due to _____ or _________

Answer 30

Severe bend, accessory roots
Traumatic injustice or insufficient space for development

Question 31

The fusion of cementum of two adjacent teeth (after eruption) is called _______ and occurs due to _____ or ______

Answer 31

Concresence, close proximity or excess cementum deposition

Question 32

Teeth with dwarfed roots have ______ sized crowns but _____ roots
Can result from ______ because of ________

Answer 32

Normal crowns, small roots
Ortho because of rapid tooth movement

Question 33

Excess cementum around the root, called _____, can be caused by ___, _____, or ______

Answer 33

Hypercementosis
Trauma, metabolic dysfunction, periodontical inflammation

Question 34

Accessory roots can occur in which types of teeth (most commonly ) and usually occurs as a ___ and ___ split

Answer 34

Third molars, mand canines, mand pm
Facial and lingual split

Question 35

Impacted teeth are _____ due to _______
Most often ____ and ______ (tooth types)

Answer 35

Unerupted due to mechanical obstruction
Third molars and max canines

Question 36

Ectopic eruption / transposition occurs most often in _____ and can be split into two categories ____ or ____

Answer 36

Canines
Labioverison - tooth located too far facial
Linguoversion - tooth too far lingual

Question 37

Supraeruption occurs when there are ______, which allows for ____ ______ movement
Why does this pose a problem?

Answer 37

No opposing teeth in occlusion, allows for downward (toward opposing jaw ***) bodily movement
There will be no room for implants

Question 38

In infraeruption, the tooth is _______ and will not ______, therefore is not involved in _____

Answer 38

Fused to bone and will not erupt further, not involved in occlusion

Question 39

The loss of periodontal ligament space, causing the tooth to fuse with the bone is called _____ and is associated with _______
This can be caused by ____ or ____ to the ___space
In what dentition is this more common?
What is important to note about this?

Answer 39

Ankylosis, infraeruption
Infection or trauma to the PDL space
More common in primary dentition, important to note that there is likely no perm tooth underneath
Also that this tooth will be difficult to extract, tho likely will be avoided unless there is no chance of restoration, because pt would need implant

Question 40

What is dysplasia?
What are the types?

Answer 40

Abnormal development
Hypomineralization = too little mineral content
Hypocalcification = too little calcium

Question 41

What is hypoplasia?

Answer 41

Incomplete formation of a tissue

Question 42

What is amelogenesis imperfecta?
What dentition does it affect?
What are some complications related to this condition?

Answer 42

Hereditary partial or complete lack of enamel
Affects primary and permanent
Abnormal tooth color, higher risk of decay, hypersensitivity, likely to undergo attrition (wearing down) due to mastication forces

Question 43

What is the cause of fluorosis?
What are the appearances?

Answer 43

Ingestion of high concentration of fluoride
Mottled enamel - color change to white or yellow/brown spots
Pitted enamel - pits within the enamel

Question 44

Focal enamel hypoplasia (_____) occurs in the _____ of ______ and can occur due to ____, _______, ______, or _____-

Answer 44

Hypomaturation
Middle crown of smooth tooth surfaces
Trauma, nection of adjacent abscessed primary tooth, high fever during tooth formation, other interference during enamel matrix formation

Question 45

Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a condition that affects _____
Teeth are _____ and susceptible to _____; appear ____ (____) and may have _____ or ________ of pulp chambers

Answer 45

Odontoblasts (hereditary)
Weak, attrition
Appear opalescent (light blue gray/yellow in color)
Total or partial calcification of pulp chambers

Question 46

When does tetracycline staining occur?
What factor influences which teeth are affected?
How do teeth appear?

Answer 46

When tetracycline is ingested by a pregnant woman or an infant/child during tooth formation and calcification
teeth affected depend on age at which tetracycline was administered
Teeth appear yellow or gray band with staining bands

Question 47

Attrition is the wearing away of _____ and even possibly ____ due to _____
Excessive ____ is called ______

Answer 47

Enamel, dentin, grinding of teeth
Excessive grinding is called bruxism

Question 48

Abrasion is the ______ of tooth structure and often occurs due to ____ or _____ and is normally located around ____ area

Answer 48

Mechanical wear of tooth structure
Hard toothbrush use or aggressive brushing
Cervical area

Question 49

What is abfraction?

Answer 49

Bending/flexure of tooth caused by heavy occlusal forces

Question 50

Tooth loss due to exposure to chemicals is called _____ and can be caused by ___, ___, ___,_____
What is the characteristic appearance of teeth that have undergone this?

Answer 50

Erosion
Bulimia, severe acid reflux, lemon sucking, excessive intake of carbonated beverages or other acidic beverages and foods
** teeth have shiny areas left behind by acid, making them difficult to fill because they are slippery