peritoneum and peritoneal cavity Flashcards
What do the visceral and parietal peritoneum represent in the analogy of pushing a fist into a balloon?
The fist represents the developing abdominal viscera, while the balloon represents the parietal peritoneum.
The visceral peritoneum covers the viscera, and the parietal peritoneum lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall.
What is the blood and nerve supply relationship of the parietal peritoneum?
The parietal peritoneum has the same blood and lymphatic supply and the same nerve supply as the region of the wall it lines.
This makes the parietal peritoneum sensitive to pressure, pain, heat, and cold.
What is the sensitivity of the visceral peritoneum based on its blood and nerve supply?
The visceral peritoneum is sensitive to stretch and chemical irritation.
It shares the same blood, lymphatic, and nerve supply as the viscera it covers.
How are abdominal and pelvic organs classified in relation to the peritoneum?
They can be classified as intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or subperitoneal.
This classification is based on their relationship with the peritoneum.
List the intraperitoneal organs.
- Stomach - קיבה
- First part of the duodenum - החלק הראשון של התריסריון
- Jejunum - מעי דק
- Ileum - חלק סופי מעי דק
- Transverse colon - מעי גס רחב
- Sigmoid colon - מעי גס סיגמואידי
- Liver - כבד
- Spleen - טחול
Intraperitoneal organs are almost completely covered with visceral peritoneum.
What are retroperitoneal organs?
Retroperitoneal organs develop posterior to the peritoneal cavity and are only partially covered with peritoneum.
Examples include kidneys, ureters, suprarenal glands, and rectum.
What are secondarily retroperitoneal organs?
These organs begin as intraperitoneal but later become attached to the posterior abdominal wall.
Examples include the second to fourth parts of the duodenum, pancreas, and ascending and descending colon.
What distinguishes subperitoneal organs from retroperitoneal organs?
Subperitoneal organs are located inferior to the peritoneal cavity, while retroperitoneal organs are located posterior to it.
An example of a subperitoneal organ is the urinary bladder.
What is the peritoneal cavity?
A potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum.
It contains a thin film of fluid that helps viscera move without friction.
What does the peritoneal fluid contain?
- Water
- Electrolytes
- Other substances derived from interstitial fluid
The fluid helps with peristalsis and contains white blood cells and antibodies to resist infection.
What is the greater omentum?
A four-layered peritoneal fold that hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum.
It attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon.
What is the lesser omentum?
A double-layered peritoneal fold that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to the liver.
It creates a space known as the lesser sac or omental bursa.
What are the compartments of the peritoneal cavity?
The peritoneal cavity is divided into a supracolic compartment and an infracolic compartment.
The transverse mesocolon separates these two compartments.
What structures are found in the supracolic compartment?
- Stomach
- Liver
- Spleen
The infracolic compartment contains the small intestine and the ascending and descending colon.
What is a mesentery?
A double layer of peritoneum that connects organs to the posterior abdominal wall.
It allows for the passage of neurovasculature.
What is the largest mesentery in the body?
The mesentery of the small intestine, connecting the posterior abdominal wall to the jejunum and ileum.
It is often just referred to as the mesentery.
What is another name for the omental foramen?
epiploic foramen
What is located anterior to the omental foramen?
hepatoduodenal ligament
What does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain?
portal triad
The hepatoduodenal ligament is the free edge of which structure?
lesser omentum
What ligaments arise from the dorsal mesentery?
Gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments
These ligaments arise similarly to the falciform ligament and the lesser omentum.
Where does the spleen develop in relation to the primitive gut tube?
Posterior to the primitive gut tube
The development occurs within the dorsal mesentery.
What is the gastrosplenic ligament?
A ligament between the spleen and the stomach
It forms as a result of the spleen’s development within the dorsal mesentery.
What is the splenorenal ligament?
A ligament between the spleen and the left kidney
This ligament also develops from the dorsal mesentery.
What is the function of the gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments?
Allow for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
These structures facilitate communication between the spleen and adjacent organs.
