Peritoneum

Question 1

what is the peritoneum?

Answer 1

• a serous sac consisting of mesothelium and thin irregular conn. tissue
• lines the abdominal cavity
• largest serous sac in the human body

Question 2

what are the two sacs that the peritoneum forms?

Answer 2

• peritoneal sac

- omental bursa connected by the epiploic foramen

Question 3

what are the two parts of the peritoneum?

Answer 3

• parietal peritoneum = lines internal surface of abdominopelvic wall (sensitive to pain)
• visceral peritoneum = covers abdominal and pelvic viscera organs (insensitive to pain)

Question 4

what are the divisions of the abdominal and pelvic organs and structures, and how are the divided

Answer 4

-divided by their peritoneal relations
-divided
A) intraperitoneal e.g ovary (surrounded by peritoneum)
B) extraperitoneal (not surrounded by peritoneum)
-retroperitoneal
-infraperitoneal
-preperitoneal

Question 5

intraperitoneal organs:

Answer 5

• stomach
• duodenum
• liver except the bare area
• spleen
• jejunum
• ileum
• cecum
• transverse colon
• sigmoid colon
• oviduct
• uterus

Question 6

semi-intraperitoneal organs

Answer 6

• cecum
• ascending colon
• descending colon
• rectum
• urinary bladder
• post. fornix of vagina

Question 7

extraperitoneal organs (not surrounded by peritoneum) is subdivided into two groups

Answer 7

• primary retroperitoneal
• kidney
• adrenal gland
• ureter
• rectum - middle 1/3
• seconday retroperitoneal
• duodenum (from superior flexure to duodenojejunal flexure)
• pancreas

Question 8

what else do retroperitoneal structure include?

Answer 8

• abdominal aorta
• veins: IVC, common iliac veins
• nerves
• lymphatics

Question 9

Infraperitoneal (not surrounded by peritoneum)

Answer 9

• urinary bladder
• rectum lower 1/3
• prostate
• seminal vesicle
• vas deferns
• cervix of uterus
• anterior fornix of vagina
• urethra
• vagina

Question 10

infraperitoneal organs include

Answer 10

• common iliac arteries
• pelvic venous plexuses
• lymphatics
• nerves

Question 11

where is the preperitoneal space located?

Answer 11

between the anterior parietal peritoneum and the transversalis fascia

Question 12

5 folds in the preperitoneal space:

Answer 12

• median umbilical fold (unpaired) = extends from the apex of urinary bladder to umbilicus covers the median umbilical ligament
• medial umbilical fold (paired) = covers the median umbilical ligaments
• lateral medial umbilical fold (paired) = covers the inferior epigastric vessels

Question 13

at the supra vescicle space there are three fossa’s

Answer 13

• supravesical fossa
• medial inguinal fossa
• lateral inguinal fossa