Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardiology > Peripheral Vascular Disease > Flashcards

Peripheral Vascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

full-thickness dilation of the abdominal aortic artery to 1.5 times the diameter measured at the level of the renal arteries

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what diameter of the abdominal aorta considered aneurysmal?

A

3cm or more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what population is affected by AAA? (2)

A

men
smokers
caucasians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mortality from AAA rupture is ____ to ____%

A

70-95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the most commonly used predictor for AAA rupture?

A

maximum diameter of AAA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where do AAA tend to develop?

A

infrarenal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

5-yr rupture rate of asymptomatic AAA is ___ to ___% for aneurysms over 5cm in diameter

A

25-40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

5-yr rupture rate of asymptomatic AAA is ___ to ___ for AAA 4-5cm

A

1-7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

screening for AAA via ultrasound is recommended for who? (2)

A

men 65-75 yrs + smoking hx

over 60 yrs + fam hx of AAA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the monitoring rule for a patient with a AAA measuring 4-5.4 cm?

A

ultrasound or CT every 6-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the monitoring rule for a patient with a AAA that is less than 4cm?

A

ultrasound every 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a patient presents with abdominal, back, flank/groin pain + early satiety, nausea, and vomiting with compression of bowel. what are they likely experiencing?

A

AAA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are 3 diagnostics that can be used for a AAA?

A

abdominal ultrasound
CT scan
MRA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what may indicate a thrombus within the anuerysm?

A

elevated D-dimer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the main medical treatment for AAA?

A

antibiotics (doxy + roxithromycin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when can a beta blocker be used to treat AAA?

A

AAA + marfan’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are 2 surgical treatments for AAA?

A

endovascular aneurysm repair
open repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

blood passing through an intimal tear, separating the intima from the medial layers and creating a false lumen; intramural hematoma leads to this…

A

aortic dissection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are 3 risk factors for aortic dissection?

A

hypertension
atherosclerosis
age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a patient presents with sudden onset of severe sharp/tearing/ripping chest pain and syncope. what are they likely experiencing?

A

aortic dissection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

anterior chest pain is indicative of what kind of aortic dissection?

A

ascending dissection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

back and abdominal pain is indicative of what kind of aortic dissection?

A

descending dissection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are 4 diagnostics that can be used for an aortic dissection?

A

transesophageal echo
CTA
MRI
multidetector CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the acute general treatment for an aortic dissection?

A

pain control
lower BP with IV beta blockers (CCB if BB contraindicated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
inhibition of blood flow to the lower extremities
peripheral artery disease
26
what are the 2 main causes of PAD?
atherosclerotic disease plaque formation
27
what are 4 risk factors of PAD?
smoking diabetes hypertension hypercholesterolemia
28
a patient presents with claudication of the calf/thigh/buttock, bruits, changes in skin color, and prolonged capillary refill. what are they likely experiencing?
PAD
29
what is a sign of a more serious case of PAD?
aching/burning of toes and feet
30
what are the essential parts of a physical for a patient with suspected PAD? (4)
BP in both arms - note symmetry palpate pulses bruits inspect extremities
31
the highest resting systolic BP at the ankle is compared with the highest systolic brachial pressure, and the ratio of the two pressures give us this number
ankle-brachial index (ABI)
32
what should be performed to establish diagnosis of lower extremity PAD in patients
ankle-branchial index
33
what are 3 diagnostics used for PAD?
CTA MRA Ultrasound
34
what diagnostic is used for patients with PAD who are being considered for revascularization?
contrast angio
35
what are 2 therapies indicated to treat PAD?
antiplatelet therapy (ASA or clopidogrel) ramipril (for HTN)
36
what medication can be used for PAD to increase pain-free walking and ABI?
pletal (cilostazol)
37
inflammation of medium and large arteries on the side of the head
giant cell arteritis
38
a patient presents with scalp tenderness, fever, weight loss, stiff trunk, visual loss, and claudication of the jaw and tongue on mastication. what are they likely experiencing?
giant cell arteritis
39
what diagnostic is used for giant cell arteritis?
temporal artery biopsy
40
what is the treatment for giant cell arteritis? (2)
IV methylprednisolone oral prednisone
41
what are 3 main causes of a DVT?
prolonged immobilization (>3 days) postoperative state trauma to LE/pelvis
42
what are 3 differentials of a DVT?
cellulitis lymphangitis achilles tendinitis
43
what is the presentation of a patient with a DVT?
pain/swelling of extremity leg pain on dorsiflexion of the foot (homan sign)
44
what is the diagnostic test of choice for a DVT?
compression ultrasound with doppler
45
what lab can be useful to check for a DVT?
d-dimer (sensitive - SNOUT)
46
what medications can be used to treat a DTV? (4)
heparin enoxaparin fondaparinux warfarin
47
what can reduce the incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome in a DVT?
compression stockings
48
what treatment can be used for a DVT if a patient cannot have anticoagulants?
IVC filter
49
what should be considered in all patients with unprovoked and frequent venous thromboembolisms?
cancer
50
a patient presents with varicose eczema, hyperpigmentation, atrophie blanche, and lipodermatosclerosis. what are they likely experiencing?
chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)
51
the most common and earliest sign of CVI that consists of pruritic, red, and scaly patches above the medial ankle
varicose eczema
52
a sign of CVI caused by the breakdown of RBCs and leads to hemosiderin deposition
hyperpigmentation
53
sign of CVI that are hypopigmented white patches with focal red punctate dots or telangiectasia surrounded by hyperpigmentation
atrophie blanche
54
sign of CVI that is chronic, brawny induration of the skin, leading to inverted champagne bottle appearance of the leg; susceptible to ulcers
lipodermatosclerosis
55
what diagnostic is used for CVI to identify reflux in the superficial, deep, and perforating veins + obstruction of the deep veins
duplex ultrasound
56
what are some nonpharmacological treatments for CVI? (2)
leg elevation for 30mins 3-4x/day compression stockings
57
what is the medical treatment for CVI?
topical corticosteroids for inflammation + itching
58
superficial venous insufficiency when venous return is impaired by valvular incompetence, obstruction, or calf muscle pump failure
varicose veins
59
a patient presents with aching, heaviness, swelling, cramps, itchiness, tingling and pain of the lower extremities. what could they be experiencing?
varicose veins
60
what are 2 complications of varicose veins?
SVT bleeding
61
what diagnostic can be used for varicose veins if a patient wants more than conservative therapy?
duplex ultrasound
62
what is the treatment for varicose veins? (3)
aerobic exercise 30min/day elevate legs flex ankles
63
inflammation of a superficial vein
SVT
64
which vein is most commonly involved in SVT?
great saphenous vein
65
what is the most common cause of upper extremity SVT?
IV catheters and IV drugs
66
a patient has a tender cord or wormlike mass on their leg with increased warmth and erythema. what could it be?
SVT
67
what diagnostic can confirm an SVT?
duplex ultrasound
68
what is the treatment for an SVT? (2)
warm, moist compress mobilization/exercise
69
what medication can be used for a LE SVT within 1cm of the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction?
fondaparinux

Cardiology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions