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Arrhythmias 2 Flashcards

1
Q

an arrhythmia in which ectopic ventricular focus fires an action potential

A

premature ventricular contraction

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2
Q

what should be considered in premature ventricular contractions?

A

structural heart disease

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3
Q

what is the threshold of significance in PVCs?

A

more than 10/hr

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4
Q

what is the present symptom, if any, of PVCs?

A

palpitations

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5
Q

how does the regularity look in PVCs?

A

irregular

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6
Q

what would the PRI look like in PVCs?

A

no PRI due to no P wave

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7
Q

what would the QRS complex and T wave look like in PVCs?

A

wide/bizarre QRS
discordant T wave

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8
Q

when every alternate beat is a PVC

A

bigeminy

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9
Q

when two normal beats precede every PVC

A

trigeminy

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10
Q

two consecutive PVCs

A

couplets

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11
Q

three consecutives PVCs

A

triplets

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12
Q

what are 4 consecutive PVCs called?

A

Ventricular tachycardia

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13
Q

what is the treatment for PVCs in otherwise healthy patients?

A

reassurance
beta blockers

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14
Q

why is a beta blocker prescribed in PVCs?

A

for palpitations

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15
Q

what is the treatment for PVCs in patients with advanced structural heart disease?

A

treat underlying cause
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

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16
Q

an arrhythmia that starts in the ventricle that leads to low cardiac output, slow apical pulse, and difficulty auscultating BP

A

idioventricular rhythm

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17
Q

what is the rate in idioventricular rhythm?

A

20-50 bpm

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18
Q

what does the QRS complex look like in idioventricular rhythm?

A

wide and bizarre

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19
Q

what is the treatment for idioventricular rhythm?

A

underlying cause
pacemaker

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20
Q

why should we avoid suppressing idioventricular rhythms?

A

they prevent asystole

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21
Q

what is the most common rhythm presenting post MI?

A

accelerated idioventricular rhythm

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22
Q

what is the rate in accelerated idioventricular rhythms?

A

50-100 bpm

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23
Q

what is the treatment for accelerated idioventricular rhythm?

A

underlying cause
pacemaker

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24
Q

what does the QRS complex look like in accelerated idioventricular rhythm?

A

wide and bizarre

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25
a series of three or more PVCs that persists more than 30 seconds
sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
26
a series of three or more PVCs that are self-terminating
non-sustained ventricular tachycardia
27
what is the treatment for a sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia? (2)
cardioversion antiarrhythmic drug
28
what does sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia lead to?
ventricular fibrillation sudden cardiac death
29
what are 4 symptoms of ventricular tachycardia?
low cardiac output syncope pulmonary edema palpitations
30
what is the rate in ventricular tachycardia?
150-250 bpm
31
what does the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave look like in ventricular tachycardia?
no P wave wide/bizarre discordant T wave
32
what is it called when a sinus beat falls on a spot that allows some innervation of the ventricle to occur through the normal ventricular conduction system?
fusion beat
33
what is it called when a sinus beat transmits through the AV node and depolarizes ventricles trough normal conduction system? It occurs in the middle of ventricular tachycardia
capture beats
34
which ventricular tachycardia beat will look like a "normal" QRS complex?
capture beat
35
what is the initial management for ventricular tachycardia in a stable patient? (3)
cardioversion procainamide or amiodarone
36
what is the initial management for ventricular tachycardia in an unstable patient? (2)
ACLS torsades = defibrillation
37
what is the long term management for ventricular tachycardia?
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
38
what is the treatment for idiopathic ventricular tachycardia? (3)
ablation B blockers OR calcium channel blockers
39
multiple ectopic foci or a continually changing reentry circuit
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (torsades de pointes)
40
what is the signature ECG presentation for torsades de pointes?
QT prolongation
41
which class 3 antiarrhythmic can cause torsades de pointes?
sotalol
42
what is the pattern associated with torsades de points?
sine wave pattern (party streamer)
43
if a patient presents with palpitations, syncope, nausea, cold sweats, SOB, and chest pain, what are they likely experiencing?
torsades de points
44
what is the treatment for torsades de points?
magnesium
45
what is the pharmacologic treatment for a patient with congenital prolonged QT interval?
beta blockers
46
what is the nonpharmacologic treatment for a patient with congenital prolonged QT interval?
pacemaker
47
what is the major cause of mortality in acute MI?
ventricular fibrillation
48
arrhythmia of disordered, rapid stimulation of the ventricles with no coordinated contractions
ventricular fibrillation
49
what does the QRS complex look like in ventricular fibrillation?
totally chaotic with no waves or complexes
50
what are the symptoms of ventricular fibrillation? (2)
pulseless apneic
51
what is the short-term treatment for ventricular fibrillation?
shock
52
what is the long-term treatment for ventricular fibrillation?
implantable cardiovert defibrillator
53
flat isoelectric line on ECG
asystole
54
what is the treatment for asystole? (3)
CPR ACLS end of life
55
an overall term covering disorders of the sinus node
sick sinus syndrome
56
what is the treatment for sick sinus syndrome?
treat underlying cause
57
what is the treatment for sick sinus syndrome if the patient is symptomatic and has bradycardia?
pacemaker
58
sudden syncope related to heart rate
stokes-adams attacks
59
combination of supraventricular tachycardia (afib) and sick sinus syndrome (bradycardia)
bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome
60
what is the treatment for bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome? (2)
antiarrhythmic drugs pacemaker

Cardiology (19 decks)

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