Cardiomyopathy

Question 1

what does cardiomyopathy mean?

Answer 1

disease of the heart muscle

Question 2

heart failure that occurs when the heart muscle is weak

Answer 2

systolic failure

Question 3

heart failure that occurs when the heart muscle is stiff and unable to relax normally

Answer 3

diastolic failure

Question 4

systolic dysfunction includes which type of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 4

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 5

diastolic dysfunction includes which 2 types of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 5

hypertrophic CM
restrictive CM

Question 6

what is the most common cause of heart failure?

Answer 6

DCM

Question 7

what is the primary indication for cardiac transplant?

Answer 7

idiopathic DCM

Question 8

dilation and impaired systolic function of one or both ventricles

Answer 8

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 9

what 2 valvular diseases occurs as a result of DCM?

Answer 9

mitral regurg
tricuspid regurg

Question 10

what is the most common cause of DCM?

Answer 10

idiopathic

Question 11

what are 2 other causes of DCM?

Answer 11

viral myocarditis
alcohol toxicity

Question 12

most cases of DCM present as what?

Answer 12

left-sided heart failure

Question 13

a patient presents with fatigue, DOE, lightheadedness, murmurs, cool/clammy skin, and JVD. what are they likely experiencing?

Answer 13

DCM

Question 14

what is the main diagnostic modality for DCM?

Answer 14

echocardiogram

Question 15

what would an echo of DCM show? (4)

Answer 15

four chamber enlargement
hypokinesis
LVEF less than 40%
MR / TR

Question 16

what diagnostic would help to determine co-existent coronary artery disease in a patient with suspected DCM?

Answer 16

cardiac catheterization

Question 17

what are 3 treatments for DCM?

Answer 17

diuretics
ACE/ARB
Beta blockers

Question 18

what medication can be given in advanced disease of DCM?

Answer 18

spironolactone

Question 19

what can be considered after 1 week of no clinical improvement with treatment of DCM?

Answer 19

consider biopsy

Question 20

what kind of procedure is indicated in severe heart failure of DCM that has not responded to treatment?

Answer 20

transplant

Question 21

unexplained ventricular hypertrophy - not due to systemic HTN

Answer 21

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 22

what is the most common HCM?

Answer 22

septal hypertrophy

Question 23

what is the #1 cause of cardiac death in athletes?

Answer 23

HCM

Question 24

what wall thickness is present in HCM?

Answer 24

over 15 mm

Question 25

a patient presents with double pulsation of carotid, arrhythmias/palpitations, SOB on exertion, fatigue, and angina. what are they likely experiencing?

Answer 25

HCM

Question 26

on exam, you note a localized PMI, murmur after S1 at the LLSB that increases with valsalva/standing and decreases with squatting/sitting/handgrips. what is the diagnosis?

Answer 26

HCM

Question 27

what screening diagnostic is used for HCM in young athletes?

Answer 27

2D echo

Question 28

what 2 diagnostics should ALL patients received if we suspect they have HCM?

Answer 28

echo ECG

Question 29

if a patient has evidence of HCM in echo/ecg, what should be done next?

Answer 29

exercise stress test (ambulatory ecg)

Question 30

in a patient with HCM, what would an ECG show? (2)

Answer 30

LVH LAD

Question 31

a patient with suspected HCM is experiencing palpitations/lightheadedness. what diagnostic should we use?

Answer 31

24 hr event monitor

Question 32

what is the 1st line medication for HCM?

Answer 32

beta blockers

Question 33

what is the 2nd line medication for HCM?

Answer 33

disopyramide

Question 34

what is an alternative to beta blockers as the first line med for HCM?

Answer 34

CCB (verapamil)

Question 35

what surgical treatment is used in HCM cases with LV outflow gradient that is unresponsive to medical therapy?

Answer 35

septal myectomy

Question 36

restricted ventricular filling in a non-dilated, non-hypertrophied ventricle usually due to stiffening, fibrosis, or decreased compliance.

Answer 36

restricted cardiomyopathy

Question 37

what is the most common cause of RCM?

Answer 37

amyloidosis

Question 38

what is the most common storage disease of RCM?

Answer 38

hemochromatosis

Question 39

a patient presents with arrhythmias, elevated JVP, S3, mitral/tricuspid valve regurg. what are they likely experiencing?

Answer 39

RCM

Question 40

what will an ECG of RCM show? (3)

Answer 40

low voltage heart blocks afib

Question 41

what will a CXR of RCM show?

Answer 41

pulmonary venous congestion

Question 42

what will an echo of RCM show?

Answer 42

starry night or speckled pattern due to infiltrates

Question 43

what is an essential test in patients with RCM due to infiltrative disease?

Answer 43

endomyocardial biopsy

Question 44

What diagnostic should be used to differentiate between RCM and constrictive pericarditis?

Answer 44

cardiac MRI

Question 45

what is the 2nd infiltrative disease that causes RCM, besides amyloidosis?

Answer 45

sarcoidosis

Question 46

what is the general treatment goal for RCM?

Answer 46

treat heart failure

Question 47

what are medications used to treat RCM? (3)

Answer 47

diuretics BBs/CCBs anticoagulants

Question 48

what is used as a treatment for RCM with advanced AV block?

Answer 48

dual chamber pacemaker