Misc Flashcards
what are the most common tachyarrhythmias that digitalis can cause? (2)
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT)
PVCs
what is the most characteristic rhythm disturbance of digitalis intoxication?
PAT + second-degree AV block
a patient presents with muscle weakness and/or paralysis. what are they suspicious for?
hyperkalemia
what does hyperkalemia look like on ECG?
diffused peaked T waves
what can hyperkalemia lead to?
ventricular fibrillation = then death
muscle weakness that can involve the respiratory muscles and GI muscles indicates what electrolyte imbalance?
hypokalemia
what does hypokalemia look like on ECG?
U wave in V4-V6
what does hypothermia look like on ECG?
J wave (osborn wave)
what does digitalis effect look like on ECG? (2)
ST depression
flat/inverted T wave
dangerous or deadly ventricular arrhythmia caused by dysfunctional ion channels (usually K+ channels)
Long QT syndrome
what does lengthening of the QT interval predispose the patient to?
torsades de pointes
how is long QT syndrome treated? (2)
beta blockers
ICD
what is the most common cause of pericarditis?
viral infection
a patient presents with chest pain radiating to the back and is relieved by sitting forward and worsened by laying down. what are they likely experiencing?
pericarditis
what does pericarditis look like on ECG?
diffuse ST elevation
diffuse PR depression
what is the treatment for pericarditis?
aspirin
NSAIDs
colchicine
what does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy look like on ECG?
dagger-like Q waves
which illness will present with nonspecific finding on ECG?
myocarditis
what does atrial septal defect look like on ECG?
crochetage pattern in inferior leads
what does COPD look like on ECG?
low voltage
poor progression
what does pulmonary embolism look like on ECG?
S1Q3T3
what does central nervous system disease look like on ECG?
deep and wide T waves
genetic disease that occurs due to the loss of function of the Na channels
brugada syndrome
what does brugada syndrome look like on ECG? (3)
RBBB
long PR interval
ST elevation in V1-V3
what is the treatment for brugada syndrome?
ICD
ventricular arrhythmias caused by mutations in a variety of genes
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
what does arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy look like on ECG?
epsilon wave at the end of the QRS complex
a resting sinus bradycardia that shows nonspecific ST segment and T wave changes
athlete’s heart
what is the primary purpose of a pacemaker?
maintain adequate heart rate
device that detects multiple cardiac arrhythmias and corrects them
automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD)
what patients need an automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator?
risk of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation
