Misc Flashcards

1
Q

what are the most common tachyarrhythmias that digitalis can cause? (2)

A

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT)
PVCs

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2
Q

what is the most characteristic rhythm disturbance of digitalis intoxication?

A

PAT + second-degree AV block

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3
Q

a patient presents with muscle weakness and/or paralysis. what are they suspicious for?

A

hyperkalemia

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4
Q

what does hyperkalemia look like on ECG?

A

diffused peaked T waves

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5
Q

what can hyperkalemia lead to?

A

ventricular fibrillation = then death

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6
Q

muscle weakness that can involve the respiratory muscles and GI muscles indicates what electrolyte imbalance?

A

hypokalemia

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7
Q

what does hypokalemia look like on ECG?

A

U wave in V4-V6

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8
Q

what does hypothermia look like on ECG?

A

J wave (osborn wave)

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9
Q

what does digitalis effect look like on ECG? (2)

A

ST depression
flat/inverted T wave

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10
Q

dangerous or deadly ventricular arrhythmia caused by dysfunctional ion channels (usually K+ channels)

A

Long QT syndrome

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11
Q

what does lengthening of the QT interval predispose the patient to?

A

torsades de pointes

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12
Q

how is long QT syndrome treated? (2)

A

beta blockers
ICD

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13
Q

what is the most common cause of pericarditis?

A

viral infection

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14
Q

a patient presents with chest pain radiating to the back and is relieved by sitting forward and worsened by laying down. what are they likely experiencing?

A

pericarditis

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15
Q

what does pericarditis look like on ECG?

A

diffuse ST elevation
diffuse PR depression

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16
Q

what is the treatment for pericarditis?

A

aspirin
NSAIDs
colchicine

17
Q

what does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy look like on ECG?

A

dagger-like Q waves

18
Q

which illness will present with nonspecific finding on ECG?

A

myocarditis

19
Q

what does atrial septal defect look like on ECG?

A

crochetage pattern in inferior leads

20
Q

what does COPD look like on ECG?

A

low voltage
poor progression

21
Q

what does pulmonary embolism look like on ECG?

A

S1Q3T3

22
Q

what does central nervous system disease look like on ECG?

A

deep and wide T waves

23
Q

genetic disease that occurs due to the loss of function of the Na channels

A

brugada syndrome

24
Q

what does brugada syndrome look like on ECG? (3)

A

RBBB
long PR interval
ST elevation in V1-V3

25
Q

what is the treatment for brugada syndrome?

A

ICD

26
Q

ventricular arrhythmias caused by mutations in a variety of genes

A

arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)

27
Q

what does arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy look like on ECG?

A

epsilon wave at the end of the QRS complex

28
Q

a resting sinus bradycardia that shows nonspecific ST segment and T wave changes

A

athlete’s heart

29
Q

what is the primary purpose of a pacemaker?

A

maintain adequate heart rate

30
Q

device that detects multiple cardiac arrhythmias and corrects them

A

automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD)

31
Q

what patients need an automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator?

A

risk of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation