Misc

Question 1

what are the most common tachyarrhythmias that digitalis can cause? (2)

Answer 1

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT)
PVCs

Question 2

what is the most characteristic rhythm disturbance of digitalis intoxication?

Answer 2

PAT + second-degree AV block

Question 3

a patient presents with muscle weakness and/or paralysis. what are they suspicious for?

Answer 3

hyperkalemia

Question 4

what does hyperkalemia look like on ECG?

Answer 4

diffused peaked T waves

Question 5

what can hyperkalemia lead to?

Answer 5

ventricular fibrillation = then death

Question 6

muscle weakness that can involve the respiratory muscles and GI muscles indicates what electrolyte imbalance?

Answer 6

hypokalemia

Question 7

what does hypokalemia look like on ECG?

Answer 7

U wave in V4-V6

Question 8

what does hypothermia look like on ECG?

Answer 8

J wave (osborn wave)

Question 9

what does digitalis effect look like on ECG? (2)

Answer 9

ST depression
flat/inverted T wave

Question 10

dangerous or deadly ventricular arrhythmia caused by dysfunctional ion channels (usually K+ channels)

Answer 10

Long QT syndrome

Question 11

what does lengthening of the QT interval predispose the patient to?

Answer 11

torsades de pointes

Question 12

how is long QT syndrome treated? (2)

Answer 12

beta blockers
ICD

Question 13

what is the most common cause of pericarditis?

Answer 13

viral infection

Question 14

a patient presents with chest pain radiating to the back and is relieved by sitting forward and worsened by laying down. what are they likely experiencing?

Answer 14

pericarditis

Question 15

what does pericarditis look like on ECG?

Answer 15

diffuse ST elevation
diffuse PR depression

Question 16

what is the treatment for pericarditis?

Answer 16

aspirin
NSAIDs
colchicine

Question 17

what does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy look like on ECG?

Answer 17

dagger-like Q waves

Question 18

which illness will present with nonspecific finding on ECG?

Answer 18

myocarditis

Question 19

what does atrial septal defect look like on ECG?

Answer 19

crochetage pattern in inferior leads

Question 20

what does COPD look like on ECG?

Answer 20

low voltage
poor progression

Question 21

what does pulmonary embolism look like on ECG?

Answer 21

S1Q3T3

Question 22

what does central nervous system disease look like on ECG?

Answer 22

deep and wide T waves

Question 23

genetic disease that occurs due to the loss of function of the Na channels

Answer 23

brugada syndrome

Question 24

what does brugada syndrome look like on ECG? (3)

Answer 24

RBBB
long PR interval
ST elevation in V1-V3

Question 25

what is the treatment for brugada syndrome?

Answer 25

ICD

Question 26

ventricular arrhythmias caused by mutations in a variety of genes

Answer 26

arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)

Question 27

what does arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy look like on ECG?

Answer 27

epsilon wave at the end of the QRS complex

Question 28

a resting sinus bradycardia that shows nonspecific ST segment and T wave changes

Answer 28

athlete's heart

Question 29

what is the primary purpose of a pacemaker?

Answer 29

maintain adequate heart rate

Question 30

device that detects multiple cardiac arrhythmias and corrects them

Answer 30

automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD)

Question 31

what patients need an automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator?

Answer 31

risk of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation