Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

Axospinous synapse has what type of synapse

Answer 1

Excitatory

Question 2

Axodendritic, axosomatic and axoaxonic + or -

Answer 2

All are excitatory or inhibitory

Question 3

Axoaxonic mechanism

Answer 3

Acts to increase or decrease NT release by post-synaptic terminal, which amplifies or suppresses the level or stimulation already occurring inside the post-synaptic term

Question 4

Post-Synaptic density

Answer 4

Contains receptors and proteins that maintain or change synaptic structure
-can be seen on electron microscopy

Question 5

Vesicles that are not docked at active zone are tethered by

Answer 5

Actin

Question 6

How do pre docked vesicles release their NT

Answer 6

Calcium influx

Question 7

How does calcium influx cause more vesicles to dock

Answer 7

Causes actin to de-polymerize, disassociate from vesicles, more vesicles dock, fuse, and release

Vesicles are recycled

Question 8

At the synaptic cleft, what connects pre and post synaptic membranes

Answer 8

Cell adhesion molecules (transmembrane proteins)

These are critical to synapse formation and activity induced structural plasticity

Question 9

differences in morphology of dendrites

Answer 9

Purkinje
Stellate
Spinal motor
Pyramidal 
Unipolar

Question 10

Sensory/Unipolar function and location

Answer 10

• Touch pain receptors in skin/viscera
• Taste receptors
• Typically located in ganglion

Question 11

Motor neuron locations

Answer 11

• Anterior horn of spinal cord

- Brainstem (cranial nerve motor nuclei)

Question 12

Local interneuron locations

Answer 12

Very short, unmyelinated axons in PNS and CNS

Question 13

Neuroendocrine neuron location

Answer 13

Mostly in hypothalamus

Release peptide hormones into blood

Question 14

Anterograde axonal transport

Answer 14

Kinesin to the terminals (+) end

Question 15

Retrograde Axonal Transport

Answer 15

Dynein is retrograde toward soma (-) end

Question 16

Slow anterograde transport

Answer 16

Transport of mitochondria and cytoskeletal proteins

Question 17

Fast anterograde axonal transport

Answer 17

Enzymes that synthesize NT
Empty Vesicles
Vesicles with enzymes
Vesicles of neuropeptides

Question 18

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Answer 18

Problems with axonal transport that have been implicated in age-related or pediatric neurodegenerative disease

Normal contents are not effectively transported

Question 19

Viruses that spread via axonal transport

Answer 19

Varicella Zoster (chicken pox/shingles)
Rabies
Herpes simplex

Question 20

Viral delivery of gene therapy

Answer 20

Genetically re-engineered viruses with normal human genes can be administered in periphery and retrogradedly transported to target neuron population

Question 21

Proteins that cross link myelin to axon

Answer 21

MBP = myelin basic protein

PMP22 = peripheral myelin protein

Question 22

Demyelinating disorders in PNS usually caused by

Answer 22

Degradation of MBP or PMP22