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Histo & Embryo > Intro and Epithelium/integ > Flashcards

Intro and Epithelium/integ Flashcards

1
Q

Cytoplasm contains

A

Organelles and inclusions

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2
Q

Lipid rafts

A

Higher levels of cholesterol, saturated FA, glycosphinolipids, and restrict protein movement within the membrane

  • Contain various integral and peripheral proteins
  • Restrict protein movement
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3
Q

Integrins

A

Link the cytoskeleton to ECM

-Specifically actin to fibronectin

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4
Q

Glycocalyx

A
  • Glycoproteins and glycolipids
  • Fxn in metabolism, cell recognition, cell association, and as hormone receptors
  • Glycoproteins project from the micro villi of cells in intestine, include dipeptidases and disaccharidases
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5
Q

Cellular inclusions

A

-Structures that are not surrounded by a plasma membrane, and they can consist of various materials depending upon cell function and pathophysiology

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6
Q

Types of cellular inclusions

A
  • Crystals
  • Pigment Granules (melanin)
  • Rosettes (glycogen)
  • Lipofuscin (waste)
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7
Q

Mitochondrial matrix

A
  • Enzymes for B-Oxi

- Krebs cycle

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8
Q

Mitochondria of stressed cells release

A

-Cytochrome C, triggering apoptosis

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9
Q

Peroxisomes

A
  • Usually bud from sER
  • Notable for oxidation and detox
  • Rich in oxidase and catalase that break down the H2O2-> produce water and oxygen
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10
Q

Free polyribosomes

A

-Synthesize proteins that localize to the cytosol, cytoskeleton, or become translocated to the nucleus, mitochondria, or peroxisomes

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11
Q

Polysomes on rER

A

-make proteins that will be secreted or incorporated into membranes or lysosomes

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12
Q

Lysosomes are synthesized in

A

The Rough ER, enzymes are packaged within the Golgi

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13
Q

Lysosomal contents can be

A

-excreted or remain in the cell as residual bodies

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14
Q

Lysosomal storage diseases

A
  • Rare congenital disorders caused by mutations in the gene encoding lysosomal enzymes, resulting in substrate accumulation in cells
  • Tay-Sachs, Gaucher disease, and Hurler syndrome
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15
Q

Microtubules

A
  • Originate from centriole, the specialized microtubule organizing center found in the centrosome
  • Polymers of tubulin
  • Movement is accomplished by adding or subtracting tubulin subunits from microtubules
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16
Q

Microfilaments

A
  • Cellular structure and fxn
  • Made of actin
  • Make up cellular cortex
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17
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

-Cell structure and fxn

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18
Q

Cytokeratin

A
  • Intermediate fil

- In epithelial cells

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19
Q

Vimentin

A
  • IF

- Mesodermal origin cells

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20
Q

Desmin

A
  • IF

- Muscle cells

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21
Q

-Lamin

A
  • IF

- inside nucleus

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22
Q

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

A
  • glial cells

- IF

23
Q

Cytoskeleton abnormalities

A
  • Resposible for some blistering diseases of skin

- Epidermolysis bullosa simplex

24
Q

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex

A
  • Rare congenital disorder caused by mutations in the genes encoding cytokeratins 5 and 15
  • Caused by mutation in the plectin gene, an IF cross-linking protein
25
Adherent cultures
-Anchorage dependent (fibroblast cells)
26
Contact inhibition
- Monolayer sheets of cells have this | - Grow until they contact neighboring cells then enter G0 (stop growing)
27
Transformed cells
- Loose contact inhibition - Re-enter cell proliferation - Cytopathology strongly correlates to changes in the normal cell cycle
28
Hallmark of HSV
Marginated chromatin
29
Three principal characteristics of epithelial tissue
1. ) adhere with specialized junctions 2. ) exhibits both structural and functional polarity, basal surface attached to basement membrane 3. ) creates selective barrier between the external environment and underlying CT
30
Specific details of simple cuboidal
-Cilia, villi, keratin layer
31
Stratified cuboidal locations
-Sweat, salivary and mammary glands
32
Simple columnar locations
- Bronchi - Uterine tubes - Uterus - Smooth forms in GI tract - Surface of Ovary - Thyroid follicles
33
Stratified Columnar Locations
Male urethra | -Ducts of some glands
34
Pseudostratified columnar special features and locations
- Ciliated tissues lines upper respiratory tract, mucous secretion and ciliary motion - All the cells are in contact w basement membrane
35
Umbrella cells in transitional epithelium
-Used to withstand toxic urine
36
Types of simple squamous
- Endothelium - Endocardium - Mesothelium (covers body Cavity)
37
Simple columnar key features
- Epithelium rests on lamina propria, not basement membrane like pseudostratified - Basal lamina interposed between cells and CT layer
38
Stratified cuboidal locations
Sweat glands - Large exocrine - Anorectal
39
Stratified columnar
- Rarest - Largest ducts of exocrine glands - Anorectal junction
40
Microvilli
- Contain actin filaments that are anchored to villin - Binds myosin I - Glycocalyx is bound to plasma membrane, visible on LM
41
Terminal web
Network that contains mainly actin that constitutes the core of microvilli
42
Stereocilia
- Long microvilli - In epididymus, proximal ductus deferens, and hair cells of inner ear - Supported internally by actin which is cross linked by fimbrin
43
Cilia
Composed of a core of microtubules in 9+2 | -Arms contain dyenin
44
Cell Adhesion molecules
- CAMs | - Lateral domain
45
Zona occludens
- AKA tight junctions - Most apical - Completely encircle cell - Forms apical compartment
46
Zonula adherens
- Completely encircle cell - Allows adherence to next cell - Actin are found at surface - Actin, IF, and SPECTRIN
47
Desmosomes
- Disk shaped | - Cytokeratins are inserted here
48
Gap Junctions
- Permit direct passage of signaling molecules/electrolytes from one cell to the other - Vascular and intestinal smooth m, heart muscle - Connexins - Calcium ions can trigger gap junction closure at the extracellular surface - Ca independent gating mech close and open the cytoplasmic domain
49
Connexin 26 mutation
- Causes congenital deafness - Inner ear - Responsible for recirculating K+ in inner ear
50
Hemidesmosomes
- Cell to ECM junctions found at basal lamina | - composed of integrins
51
Bullous pemphigoid
- Autoimmune disease where antibodies attack particular pro in hemidesmosomes - Tiggers mast cells to release eosinophil chemotactic factor - ECF attract eosinophils which release proteases that break down anchoring filaments - Large blisters develop
52
Basal lamina vs External Lamina
- Basal: between epithelium and CT - External Lamina: term for basal lamina when it forms covering, as for muscle cells or peripheral nerve supporting cells
53
Lamina propria def
-CT that supports, binds epithelium to nearby structures and provides nourishment

Histo & Embryo (8 decks)

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