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Histo & Embryo > Intro and Epithelium/integ > Flashcards

Intro and Epithelium/integ Flashcards

1
Q

Cytoplasm contains

A

Organelles and inclusions

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2
Q

Lipid rafts

A

Higher levels of cholesterol, saturated FA, glycosphinolipids, and restrict protein movement within the membrane

  • Contain various integral and peripheral proteins
  • Restrict protein movement
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3
Q

Integrins

A

Link the cytoskeleton to ECM

-Specifically actin to fibronectin

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4
Q

Glycocalyx

A
  • Glycoproteins and glycolipids
  • Fxn in metabolism, cell recognition, cell association, and as hormone receptors
  • Glycoproteins project from the micro villi of cells in intestine, include dipeptidases and disaccharidases
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5
Q

Cellular inclusions

A

-Structures that are not surrounded by a plasma membrane, and they can consist of various materials depending upon cell function and pathophysiology

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6
Q

Types of cellular inclusions

A
  • Crystals
  • Pigment Granules (melanin)
  • Rosettes (glycogen)
  • Lipofuscin (waste)
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7
Q

Mitochondrial matrix

A
  • Enzymes for B-Oxi

- Krebs cycle

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8
Q

Mitochondria of stressed cells release

A

-Cytochrome C, triggering apoptosis

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9
Q

Peroxisomes

A
  • Usually bud from sER
  • Notable for oxidation and detox
  • Rich in oxidase and catalase that break down the H2O2-> produce water and oxygen
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10
Q

Free polyribosomes

A

-Synthesize proteins that localize to the cytosol, cytoskeleton, or become translocated to the nucleus, mitochondria, or peroxisomes

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11
Q

Polysomes on rER

A

-make proteins that will be secreted or incorporated into membranes or lysosomes

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12
Q

Lysosomes are synthesized in

A

The Rough ER, enzymes are packaged within the Golgi

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13
Q

Lysosomal contents can be

A

-excreted or remain in the cell as residual bodies

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14
Q

Lysosomal storage diseases

A
  • Rare congenital disorders caused by mutations in the gene encoding lysosomal enzymes, resulting in substrate accumulation in cells
  • Tay-Sachs, Gaucher disease, and Hurler syndrome
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15
Q

Microtubules

A
  • Originate from centriole, the specialized microtubule organizing center found in the centrosome
  • Polymers of tubulin
  • Movement is accomplished by adding or subtracting tubulin subunits from microtubules
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16
Q

Microfilaments

A
  • Cellular structure and fxn
  • Made of actin
  • Make up cellular cortex
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17
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

-Cell structure and fxn

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18
Q

Cytokeratin

A
  • Intermediate fil

- In epithelial cells

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19
Q

Vimentin

A
  • IF

- Mesodermal origin cells

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20
Q

Desmin

A
  • IF

- Muscle cells

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21
Q

-Lamin

A
  • IF

- inside nucleus

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22
Q

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

A
  • glial cells

- IF

23
Q

Cytoskeleton abnormalities

A
  • Resposible for some blistering diseases of skin

- Epidermolysis bullosa simplex

24
Q

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex

A
  • Rare congenital disorder caused by mutations in the genes encoding cytokeratins 5 and 15
  • Caused by mutation in the plectin gene, an IF cross-linking protein
25
Q

Adherent cultures

A

-Anchorage dependent (fibroblast cells)

26
Q

Contact inhibition

A
  • Monolayer sheets of cells have this

- Grow until they contact neighboring cells then enter G0 (stop growing)

27
Q

Transformed cells

A
  • Loose contact inhibition
  • Re-enter cell proliferation
  • Cytopathology strongly correlates to changes in the normal cell cycle
28
Q

Hallmark of HSV

A

Marginated chromatin

29
Q

Three principal characteristics of epithelial tissue

A
  1. ) adhere with specialized junctions
  2. ) exhibits both structural and functional polarity, basal surface attached to basement membrane
  3. ) creates selective barrier between the external environment and underlying CT
30
Q

Specific details of simple cuboidal

A

-Cilia, villi, keratin layer

31
Q

Stratified cuboidal locations

A

-Sweat, salivary and mammary glands

32
Q

Simple columnar locations

A
  • Bronchi
  • Uterine tubes
  • Uterus
  • Smooth forms in GI tract
  • Surface of Ovary
  • Thyroid follicles
33
Q

Stratified Columnar Locations

A

Male urethra

-Ducts of some glands

34
Q

Pseudostratified columnar special features and locations

A
  • Ciliated tissues lines upper respiratory tract, mucous secretion and ciliary motion
  • All the cells are in contact w basement membrane
35
Q

Umbrella cells in transitional epithelium

A

-Used to withstand toxic urine

36
Q

Types of simple squamous

A
  • Endothelium
  • Endocardium
  • Mesothelium (covers body Cavity)
37
Q

Simple columnar key features

A
  • Epithelium rests on lamina propria, not basement membrane like pseudostratified
  • Basal lamina interposed between cells and CT layer
38
Q

Stratified cuboidal locations

A

Sweat glands

  • Large exocrine
  • Anorectal
39
Q

Stratified columnar

A
  • Rarest
  • Largest ducts of exocrine glands
  • Anorectal junction
40
Q

Microvilli

A
  • Contain actin filaments that are anchored to villin
  • Binds myosin I
  • Glycocalyx is bound to plasma membrane, visible on LM
41
Q

Terminal web

A

Network that contains mainly actin that constitutes the core of microvilli

42
Q

Stereocilia

A
  • Long microvilli
  • In epididymus, proximal ductus deferens, and hair cells of inner ear
  • Supported internally by actin which is cross linked by fimbrin
43
Q

Cilia

A

Composed of a core of microtubules in 9+2

-Arms contain dyenin

44
Q

Cell Adhesion molecules

A
  • CAMs

- Lateral domain

45
Q

Zona occludens

A
  • AKA tight junctions
  • Most apical
  • Completely encircle cell
  • Forms apical compartment
46
Q

Zonula adherens

A
  • Completely encircle cell
  • Allows adherence to next cell
  • Actin are found at surface
  • Actin, IF, and SPECTRIN
47
Q

Desmosomes

A
  • Disk shaped

- Cytokeratins are inserted here

48
Q

Gap Junctions

A
  • Permit direct passage of signaling molecules/electrolytes from one cell to the other
  • Vascular and intestinal smooth m, heart muscle
  • Connexins
  • Calcium ions can trigger gap junction closure at the extracellular surface
  • Ca independent gating mech close and open the cytoplasmic domain
49
Q

Connexin 26 mutation

A
  • Causes congenital deafness
  • Inner ear
  • Responsible for recirculating K+ in inner ear
50
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A
  • Cell to ECM junctions found at basal lamina

- composed of integrins

51
Q

Bullous pemphigoid

A
  • Autoimmune disease where antibodies attack particular pro in hemidesmosomes
  • Tiggers mast cells to release eosinophil chemotactic factor
  • ECF attract eosinophils which release proteases that break down anchoring filaments
  • Large blisters develop
52
Q

Basal lamina vs External Lamina

A
  • Basal: between epithelium and CT
  • External Lamina: term for basal lamina when it forms covering, as for muscle cells or peripheral nerve supporting cells
53
Q

Lamina propria def

A

-CT that supports, binds epithelium to nearby structures and provides nourishment

Histo & Embryo (8 decks)

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