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MI Immuno/Heme > Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow > Flashcards

Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Flashcards

1
Q

Polycythemia

A

Abnormally high hematocrit

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2
Q

MCV

A

Measures size of erythrocytes - including contributions from circulating reticulocytes (normal - 80-100 μm³)

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3
Q

Reticulocytes

A

Immature (newly formed) RBCs that are slightly larger (mean MCV of 95-115 μm³)

Only 1-2% of circulating RBCs

Left shift - high reticulocyte count - may indicate pathology

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4
Q

Spherocytes

A

Damaged RBCs - removed by the spleen

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5
Q
A

Megakaryocyte - largest cell in marrow

Fragments to make platelets

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6
Q

Zones of the platelet

A

alpha granules contain fibrinogen, coagulation factors, plasminogen, and PDGF

delta granules contain ADP, ATP, serotonin, and histamine

Lambda granules contain hydrolytic enzymes

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7
Q
A

Neutrophils - polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)

The # of lobes increase as cells age

(non-specific) Zure granules - lysosomes and contain acid phosphatase, elastase, peroxidase, and defensins

Specific granules - contain antibacterial substances such as collagenase, phospholipase, complement activators and lysozyme

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8
Q

Neutrophil phagocytosis

A

Fc receptors

Complement receptors

Scavenger and TLRs

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9
Q
A

Eosinophil

Nucleus is bi (or tri) lobed

Granules contain major basic protein, eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, and histaminase

Also contain non-specific (azure) lysosomal granules

Release histaminase to dampen effects of mast cell and basophil degranulation

Stain w/ Wright’s stain

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10
Q
A

Basophil

Contain same substances as mast cell granules - heparin, histamine, heparan sulfate, and leukotrienes

Short-lived cells

IgE surface receptors (same as mast cells)

If progenitor cells are exposed to the
appropriate transcription factors they differentiate into basophils and remain in peripheral blood; if not exposed to these transcription factors, progenitor cells migrate to the spleen and after further differentiation become mast cell progenitors. The mast cell progenitors travel to CT associated with organs such as the intestine and skin where they become mature mast cells.

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11
Q

Shifts in leukocyte count

Table

A
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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Three lineages in hematopoiesis from the common stem cell

A
  1. Erythroid/megakaryocyte lineage (RBCs/Platelets)
  2. Myeloid lineage
  3. Lymphoid lineage (includes NK cells)
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14
Q

Hematopoiesis throughout life

A
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15
Q
A

Megakaryocytes (arrows)

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16
Q
A

Left: basophil
Right: neutrophil

17
Q
A

Left: lymphocyte
Right: eosinophil

18
Q
A

lymphocytes (large on right may be NK cell)

19
Q
A

Neutrophil (note drumstick)

20
Q
A

Left: Neutrophil

Right: Eosinophil

21
Q
A

Monocyte

22
Q
A

Left: Monocyte

Right: Neutrophil

23
Q

Post mitotic phase of RBC differentiation

A
24
Q

Pre-mitotic differentiation of granulocytes

A
25
Q

Stages of erythrocytic differentiation

A
26
Q

Granular leukocyte differentiation

A
27
Q

Myeloid lineage cell types

A
  1. Monocytes
  2. Macrophages
  3. Neutrophils
  4. Eosinophils
  5. Basophils/mast cells
  6. Dendritic cells
28
Q

Development time and life span of granulocytes vs erythrocytes

A
29
Q
A

Eosinophilic myelocyte

30
Q
A

Neutrophilic myelocyte

31
Q

Erythropoeisis

A
32
Q
A
  1. Neutrophilic myelocyte
  2. Eosinophilic myelocyte

Golgi halo is characteristic of myelocytes

33
Q
A

Polychromatophilic erythroblasts

34
Q

Which of the following is characteristic of both erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis?

A

D. Cells exhibit an increase in the percentage of heterchromatin and decrease in cell size

Erythropoeisis - increase in polysomes then decreases

Granulopoeisis - increases in rER then decrease

35
Q

The luekocyte has similar properties to what cell that is normally found in connective tissue?

A

Mast cell

36
Q

Basophils have surface receptors for which immunoglobulins?

A

IgE and IgG

Same as mast cells

37
Q

Endoreduplication

A

Specific to megakaryocytes - nuclei divides but does not undergo cytokinesis

MI Immuno/Heme (35 decks)

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