perioprative evolve Flashcards
after gag reflex return what can you give
Ice chips and oral fluids
Patients remain NPO until
gag reflex returns
An incentive spirometer is used to
encourage deep inhalation
Data concerning safety events that occur in surgery are reported to TJC
wrong-patient, wrong-procedure, and wrong-site surgeries; and unintended retention of foreign objects
who is responsible for informed consent
physician
Before consent is obtained, the patient is given a description of the
surgical procedure, benefits, risk factors, potential complications, expected outcome, and postoperative recovery by the surgeon
in case of emergencies
you can get consent from next of kin or legal guardian
Witnessing a consent form means
- The nurse has watched the correct patient signing the form.
- The nurse has verified the correct identity of the patient who is signing the form.
- The nurse signs the form as a witness to the preceding two events.
alteration depends on the individual patient’s
physical and emotional state
the type of surgery and anesthesia used
patient’s individual risk factors
Moderate sedation also known as
conscious sedation
Moderate sedation provide
state of calm or reduced anxiety
Major operations are performed under
general anesthesia
Stages of General Anesthesia
Analgesia
Excitement
Surgical anesthesia
Medullary paralysis
Analgesia
Patient is awake, becomes drowsy, and loses consciousness
Experiences analgesia or a loss of pain sensation
Excitement
Begins with loss of consciousness
Excitement of muscles
Involuntary movement
Muscles become tense
Breathing may be irregular
Ends with regular breathing and loss of eyelid reflexes
Surgical anesthesia
Vital signs and reflexes are depressed
Skeletal muscles relax
Breathing is regular
Operation begins
Medullary paralysis
Respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata of the brain, which control breathing and other vital functions, cease to function
Complete respiratory depression
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) needed
Death can occur
Hemorrhage is
large amount of bleeding
hemorrhage can occur in
immediate postoperative period from internal or external blood loss
During the postoperative phase, hemorrhage can occur from
weak suture, stress on the surgical site, medications, or a clot that has become dislodged
clinical indications of hemorrhage
such as anxiety; restlessness; cold, clammy skin; a weak, thready, rapid pulse; hypotension; respirations that are rapid and deep; increased thirst; and decreased urine output
