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Perio Comps > Periodontal Surgery Terms > Flashcards

Periodontal Surgery Terms Flashcards

1
Q

general indications for periodontal or implant surgery

A
  1. continued pocketing and inflammation following initial therapy with need for surgical access
  2. infrabony (intrabony) osseous defects
  3. grade 2 and 3 furcation involvement
  4. unstable mucogingival defects
  5. esthetic considerations
  6. replacing missing teeth with implants
  7. prescription surgery (requested by referring dentist)
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2
Q

examples of prescription surgery

A
  1. restorative: crown lengthening, gingival grafting

2. orthodontic: frenectomy and supracrestal circumfrential fiberotomy following ortho

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3
Q

contraindications to perio surgery

A
  1. uncontrolled medical problems
  2. patient non-compliance
  3. poor OH
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4
Q

apically positioned flap

A

flap of tissue replaced apical to its original position on closure

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5
Q

an apically positioned flap is important in establishing what?

A

surgical recession for pocket elimination or crown lengthening while preserving keratinized gingiva

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6
Q

in order for a flap to be apically positioned, it must be elevated past what?

A

mucogingival jxn

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7
Q

T/F: apically positioned flap may be performed on max facial, max palate, mand facial and mand lingual surfaces

A

false, not max palate

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8
Q

coronally positioned flap

A

periodontal flap that is replaced coronal to its original position

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9
Q

coronally positioned flap is used to cover what?

A

exposed roots but does not result in an increase in keratinized gingiva

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10
Q

crown lengthening

A

exposure of clinical crown usually for restorative purposes

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11
Q

distal wedge

A

periodontal surgical procedure for removal of excessive soft tissue distal to terminal molar with access gained to underlying bone

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12
Q

how is tissue removal accomplished in a distal wedge procedure?

A

via internal thinning (undermining incisions)

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13
Q

what is the goal of distal wedge procedure?

A
  1. remove excessive tissue
  2. reduce pocket depth
  3. facilitate oral hygiene at the area
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14
Q

free gingival graft (free soft tissue graft, detached gingival graft)

A

autogenous graft of masticatory mucosa or collagenous tissue completely detached from its original site and blood supply and placed in a prepared recipient bed

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15
Q

what determines the success of the free gingival graft?

A

survival of CT

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16
Q

frenectomy (frenulectomy)

A

surgical detachment and/or excision of a frenulum from its attachment into the mucoperiosteal covering of the alveolar process

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17
Q

alveolectomy

A

removal of all or a portion of alveolar process of jaw bone(s)

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18
Q

alveoloplasty

A

surgical procedure of altering alveolar ridge or its surrounding bony structures by cutting, smoothening, or reshaping to correct alveolar ridge external contour in preparation for prosthetic rehabilitation

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19
Q

vestibuloplasty

A

plastic surgery of vestibular region of the mouth designed to restore alveolar ridge height (deepen the vestibular trough) by lowering the muscles that attach to the buccal, labial, and lingual aspects of the jaws

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20
Q

full thickness flap (mucoperiosteal flap)

A

flap of mucosal tissue, which includes periosteum, reflected from bone

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21
Q

guided tissue regeneration

A

barrier method for promoting selective re-population of periodontal defect multi-potential cells from the PDL or bone through exclusion of gingival epithelium and flap CT

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22
Q

what type of flap will help insure flap coverage over the defect and GTR material in GTR procedure?

A

replaced or coronally positioned flap

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23
Q

gingivectomy

A

excision of soft tissue wall of periodontal pocket is uncomplicated by extension into underlying bone

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24
Q

the incision for gingivectomy forms what?

A

45 degree external bevel or surface that is exposed to oral cavity

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25
Q

when is gingivectomy contraindicated?

A

when pockets reach MG jxn or osseous defects are present

26
Q

gingivoplasty

A

surgical procedure by which gingival deformities (particularly enlargements) are reshaped and reduced to create normal and functional form

27
Q

inverse bevel incision

A

an internal (reverse) incision (faces the tooth) as opposed to external

28
Q

what is used in most flap designs?

A

inverse beveled incision

29
Q

resection of gingiva without elevation of flap is sometimes called what?

A

internal-bevel gingivectomy

30
Q

modified widman flap

A

replace,d mucoperiosteal flap, accomplished with an internal bevel incision, that provides access for root preparation

31
Q

modified widman flap was designed to maintain what?

A

as much interdental papilla as possible in order to effect primary closure whenever possible

32
Q

mucogingival surgery

A

plastic surgical procedures designed to correct defects in morphology, position and/or amount of gingiva surrounding teeth

33
Q

open curettage (flap curettage)

A

surgical debridement of roots and removal of granulation tissue after reflection of soft tissue flap (includes modified WIdman flaps)

34
Q

osseous surgery

A

modification of bony support of teeth

35
Q

osseous surgery is designed to modify and reshape what?

A

deformities in alveolar bone surrounding teeth

36
Q

ostectomy

A

some supporting bone is sacrificed (with loss of attachment) to gain pocket elimination or crown lengthening

37
Q

osteoplasty

A

surgical procedure that modifies the configuration of bone (only non-supporting bone is removed)

38
Q

partial thickness flap (split thickness flap)

A

surgical flap of mucosa and CT but not including periosteum

39
Q

pedicle graft

A

graft elevated from a donor site that remains attached at its base for nourishment and is transferred to an adjacent recipient site

40
Q

suturing techniques commonly used in periodontics

A
  1. simple interrupted
  2. single sling
  3. continuous sling
41
Q

simple interrupted suturing technique

A

interdental

42
Q

single sling suturing technique

A

engages lingual or facial flap for 2 interdental papillae

43
Q

continuous sling suturing technique

A

engages lingual or facial flap for several teeth for independent suturing

44
Q

root resection

A

surgical removal of all or a portion of the root before or after endodontic tx

45
Q

examples of root resection

A
  1. root amputation (usually performed on maxillary teeth)

2. hemisection (usually performed on mandibular teeth)

46
Q

subepithelia CT graft

A

autogenous graft of CT wit ha small collar of epithelium or no epithelium taken from the palate and usually placed between a flap and the root, bone or periosteum at the recipient site

47
Q

submarginal (scalloped) incisions

A

blade enters gingiva apical to gingival margin and is directed toward alveolar crest

48
Q

what do submarginal (scalloped) incisions accomplished?

A

surgical recession

49
Q

when should submarginal incisions be avoided?

A

when there is not a abundance of keratinized gingiva or when surgical recession is not a goal

50
Q

sulcular incisions

A

blade enters the gingival sulcus and is directed toward the alveolar crest without incision of marginal gingiva

51
Q

vertical incisions

A

generallly oblique incisions that diverge in an apical direction

52
Q

where are vertical incisions placed?

A

near line angles of teeth but not over root prominences to aid in flap elevation without extending flap to adjacent teeth

53
Q

when are vertical incisions avoided?

A

on palatal and lingual aspects

54
Q

which type of flap does not have vertical incisions?

A

envelope flap

55
Q

distraction osteogenesis

A

bone augmentation procedure where a portion of jaw is sectioned by osteotomy and progressively displaced by a mechanical device that is attached to the separated bone segment and the original bone

56
Q

decortication

A

deliberate removal or repeated puncturing of cortical bone to initiate bleeding or a regional accelerated phenomenon for bone repair or to enable incorporation of bone graft into host bone

57
Q

decortication is a method routinely used in what?

A
  1. ostemyelitis
  2. periodontal defects

…after removal of sequestrum, the surrounding vital bone is included in the removal to initiate bleeding to promote osseous healing

58
Q

how is decortication performed in periodontal defects?

A

done through intramarrow penetration

59
Q

lamina dura

A

sheet of compact bone that forms the tooth alveolar wall or tooth alveolus

60
Q

crestal lamina dura

A

layer of compact bone existing at alveolar crest

Perio Comps (12 decks)

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