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Perio Comps > Implants > Flashcards

Implants Flashcards

1
Q

osseointegration

A

direct contact between living bone and a functionally loaded dental implant surface without interposed soft tissue at the light microscope level

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2
Q

what is the clinical manifestation of osseointegration?

A

absence of mobility

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3
Q

sinus augmentation (sinus lift)

A

surgical approach commonly used for the rehabilitation of the posterior edentulous maxilla with dental implants when there is insufficient bone height

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4
Q

indirect sinus lift (osteotome technique)

A

sinus grafting technique whereby the maxillary sinus floor is carefully infractured and the Schneiderian membrane is elevated through an osteotomy prepared and extended in the ridge with an osteotome

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5
Q

direct sinus lift (lateral window technique)

A

creation of access to max sinus through its lateral wall

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6
Q

the access to max sinus with direct sinus lift is used to elevate what?

A

Schneiderian membrane for the placement of graft material in inferior part of sinus space

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7
Q

≥10 mm from crest of ridge to floor of sinus

A

conventional implant procedure

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8
Q

6-9 mm from crest of ridge to floor of sinus

A

osteotome technique with sinus membrane displacement (during implant site preparation) and bone graft in combo with immediate implant placement

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9
Q

4-5 mm from crest of ridge to floor of sinus

A

lateral approach to sinus involving flap (Caldwell-Luc) with bone graft, with immediate or delayed implant placement

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10
Q

1-3 mm from crest of ridge to floor of sinus

A

lateral sinus approach with bone grafting material and delayed implant placement

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11
Q

hybrid implants

A

an implant prosthesis made by attaching denture teeth with heat-polymerized acrylic resin to cast metal substructure that is connected to several implants

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12
Q

biointegration (osseointegration)

A

bonding of living bone to the surface of an implant (ankylosis) which is independent of any mechanical interlocking mechanism

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13
Q

jaw shape-bone resorption patterns

A
  1. most of alveolar ridge is present
  2. moderate residual ridge resorption has occurred
  3. advanced residual rdige resorption and only basal bone remains
  4. some resorption of basal bone has started
  5. extreme resorption of basal bone has taken place
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14
Q

bone quality

A
  1. homogenous compact bone
  2. thick layer of compact bone surrounds a core of dense trabecular bone
  3. thin cortical bone with dense trabecular bone of favorable strength
  4. thin layer of cortical bone with low density trabecular bone
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15
Q

peri-implant mucositis

A

reversible inflammatory rxn of mucosa that surrounds an osseointegrated implant with no bone loss

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16
Q

peri-implantitis

A

inflammatory process affecting the hard and soft tissues around an implant that has results in

  1. PD >5mm with BoP (suppuration)
  2. progressive bone loss (greater than 0.2 mm/year after the first year it is loaded)
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17
Q

ailing implant

A

general term for implant affected by peri-implant mucositis, without bone loss

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18
Q

failing implant

A

general term for implant that is progressively losing its supporting bone anchorage (may exhibit increased PD, purulence, but is still clinically stable)

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19
Q

failed implant

A

dental implant that is mobile (has not achieved or has lost osseointegration) or that is symptomatic in spite of osseointegration

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20
Q

criteria for implant success

A
  1. immobile
  2. no peri-implant radiolucency
  3. <0.2mm bone loss after the 1st year of loading
  4. no pain, infection, neuropathies, paresthesia
  5. minimum 85% success at 5 years and minimum 80% success at 10 years
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21
Q

how is alveolar ridge deficiencies classified?

A

via Seibert classification

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22
Q

Seibert classification

A

system of 2 categories used to describe the form of a residual alveolar ridge

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23
Q

class 1 alveolar ridge defect

A

loss of tissue width in facial-lingual or buccal-lingual direction but there is adequate ridge height

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24
Q

class 2 alveolar ridge defect

A

loss of ridge height but there is adequate ridge width

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25
Q

class 3 alveolar ridge defect

A

loss of both ridge height and width

26
Q

guided bone regeneration

A

surgical technique that increases and augments alveo.lar bone volume in areas designated for future implant placement or around previously placed implants

27
Q

concept of guided bone regeneration

A

barrier to create a space into which cells originating from bone tissue can grow without migration or interference by faster proliferating cells of the flap connective or epithelium

28
Q

what is considered the be the gold-standard material for bone grafting techniques?

A

autogenous bone

29
Q

examples of bone necrosis

A
  1. bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ)
  2. osteoradionecrosis
  3. sequestration
30
Q

bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ)

A

complication characterized by exposed necrotic bone in maxillofacial region that does not heal within eight weeks after diagnosis and proper care, in a patient under current or previous bisphosphonate tx for osteoporosis and hwo has not received radiation in the head and neck area

31
Q

risk factors for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ)

A
  1. route of administration (IV vs oral)
  2. duration of therapy
  3. type of bisphosphonate
32
Q

osteoradionecrosis

A

death of most or all of bone cells due to irradiation

33
Q

sequetration

A

necrotic bone that becomes separated from surrounding healthy bone and forms a sequestrum

…is a complication (sequela) of osteomyelitis and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ)

34
Q

sequestrum

A

island of non-vital bone that is separated from native healthy bone

35
Q

sequestrectomy

A

removal of sequestrum by surgical means

36
Q

one-stage surgery for implant placement

A

surgical protocol consisting of placing an endosseous root-form dental implant in bone and leaving it in contact with the oral environment during the healing process

37
Q

two-stage surgery for implant placement

A

surgical procedure consisting of exposure of a submerged dental implant platform to the oral environment by the connection of an abutment which extrudes through the soft tissues

38
Q

immediate implant placement

A

placement of dental implant at the time of tooth extraction into extraction socket

39
Q

socket preservation

A

augmentation of residual alveolar socket at time of tooth extraction

…also known as socket augmentation and ridge preservation

40
Q

rationale for socket preservation

A

an attempt to reduce dimensional changes of ridge, promote bone formation, minimize horizontal ridge resorption, and ultimately reduce or eliminate the need for further ridge augmentation

41
Q

osseointegrated implants are ankylosed to surrounding bone without PDL which provides what?

A

mechanoreceptors shock-absorbing fxn and adaptation through remodeling

42
Q

what is the most commonly used implant?

A

threaded root-form

43
Q

common implant diameters

A

range from 3.3 to 5.0 mm

44
Q

common lengths of implants

A

7-15 mm

45
Q

piezoelectric bone surgery

A

surgical technique using an ultrasonica device operating at a modulated frequency that is designed to cut or grind bone but not damage adjacent soft tissues

46
Q

anatomic considerations for implant in maxilla

A
  1. max sinus
  2. nasopalatine canal
  3. floor of nose and nasal spine
  4. greater palatine and pterygoid vessels
47
Q

anatomic considerations for implant in mandible

A
  1. sublingual vessels
  2. mental n
  3. inferior alveolar n
  4. incisive branch of inferior alveolar n
  5. genial tubercles
48
Q

in order to avoid the inferior alveolar n and mental foramen, how much space should be left to safely place an implant in the mandible?

A

2 mm between implant and coronal aspect of nerve

49
Q

the heat generated during drilling site for implant placement must be less than what?

A

47 Celcius

50
Q

what happens if the heat generated during drilling site for implant placement exceeds 47 degree Celcius?

A

irreversible necrosis of bone tissue after preparation of implant site

51
Q

conditions that mandate implant removal?

A
  1. persistent pain on palpation, percussion or fxn
  2. horizontal and/or vertical mobility
  3. uncontrolled progressive bone loss
  4. uncontrolled purulent exudate
  5. more than 50% bone loss around implant
52
Q

criteria for a successful outcome with implant placement

A
  1. implant is immobile and fxning
  2. no radiographic evidence of radiolucency
  3. vertical bone loss is less than 0.2 mm annually following the implant’s first year of service
  4. implant has an absence of persistent and/or irreversible signs of periimplantitis or pain
  5. patient and clinician are satisfied with treatment outcomes
53
Q

connection between natural teeth and bone

A

bone, PDL, cementum with PDL insertion into bone and cementum

54
Q

connection between implants and bone

A

osseointegration (bone grows to implant with ankylosis and no PDL)

55
Q

junctional epithelium (epithelial attachment) of natural teeth

A

hemidesmosomes and basal lamina (basement membrane)

56
Q

junctional epithelium (epithelial attachment) of implants

A

hemidesmosomes and basal lamina

57
Q

connective tissue attachment (suprcrestal attached tissues) of natural teeth

A

collagen bundles (many groups) inserting into cementum

58
Q

connective tissue attachment (suprcrestal attached tissues) of implants

A

no attachment of collagen to implant surface

59
Q

probing depths in health of natural teeth

A

up to 3 mm

60
Q

probing depths in health of implants

A

varies (up to 5 mm depending on implant placement and abutment length)

Perio Comps (12 decks)

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