Etitology of Periodontal Diseases Flashcards
what is the primary etiology of periodontal disease?
periodontal pathogens in a susceptible host
most periodontal pathogens are what?
obligate anaerobes
Aa is what type of pathogen?
facultative anaerobe
many perio pathogens are what?
gram-negative rods and cocci
which pathogen produces collagenase?
Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)
which pathogen produces leukotoxins?
Aa
pathogens that produce leukotoxins are capable of what?
destroying WBCs
biofilm protects pathogens from what?
host immunity and antibiotics
“orange complex” bacteria
- Fusobacteria
- Prevotella
- Campylobacter
“red complex” bacteria
- Porphyromonas gingivalis
- Tannerella forsythia
- Treponema denticola
which complex does Aa belong to?
green complex
bacteria associated with gingivitis?
Actinomyces species
bacteria associated with chronic periodontitis pathogens
- Aggregatibacter (Aa)
- Porphyromonas (Pg)
- Tanerella (Tf)
- Prevotella (Pi)
- Campylobacter (Cr)
- Eikenella (Ec)
- Spirochaetes
bacteria associated with localized aggressive periodontitis?
Aggregatibacter (Aa) - best example of pure infection
bacteria associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis
similar microorganisms to chronic periodontitis
what are the most pathogenic periodontal pathogens?
“red complex” pathogens
local factors that contribute to plaque retention
- calculus
- defective restorations (overhangs, defective crown margins)
- caries
- open contacts/diastemas
- gingival contours
- tooth malposition
- pockets
- furcations
- close root approximation
- tooth anatomic abnormalities
peridontal occlusal trauma
injury to the periodontium (apical to crest) from occlusal forces may injure bone, cementum and PDL
radiographic signs of occlusal trauma
- widened PDL
- angular bone loss
- changes in trabecular bone
clinical signs of occlusal trauma
- progressive mobility
- fremitus
- vertical root fracture
systemic factors of perio disease
- diabetes
- medically compromised patients
- pregnancy
- stress
what is accumulated in diabetic patients?
Advanced Glycation End-products (A.G.E.)
what is the most proven risk factor for perio disease?
smoking
T/F: smokers have a greater amount of bone loss than non-smokers, greater incidence of NUG/NUP and show more breakdown following periodontal therapy
true
known risk factors that will increase odds-ratio of perio disease with attachment loss are?
- smoking
2. diabetes
risk indicators (not conclusively proven) of perio disease include what?
- stress
- genetic predisposition for excessive production of interleukin-1
- systemic disease and conditions that suppress the immune system
- nutrition
- age
- osteoporosis
- obesity
predisposing factors of gingival recession
- root prominence
- thin periodontal tissue biotype
- hx of ortho
- restoration with a subgingival margin in a thin periodontal biotype
etiology of recession in predisposed areas may be from what?
- over-aggressive or faulty tooth brushing
2. lack of oral hygiene leading to inflammation in thin gingival tissues
T/F: once gingival recession has occurred, it is likely to continue unless treated by gingival grafts
true
