Periodic Table and Subatomic Particles Flashcards
Who created the periodic table?
The periodic table was invented by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Mendeleev was able to create the entire periodic table based on the patterns he saw in only 56 known elements. He left gaps in the table that were filled in as new elements were discovered.
What are groups(Families)?
Vertical columns, 18 groups on the periodic table. Elements in each group have similar chemical properties.
What are periods?
Horizontal rows. 7 periods on the periodic table.
What are metals?
- Good conductors of electricity.
- Good conductors of heat.
- Solids at room temperature, except mercury.
- Form positive ions(Charged Particles).
- Give away electrons.
- Ductile-Strech into wires.
- Malleable-Can be pounded into sheets.
- Have lustre.
What are non-metals?
- Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
- Depending on the element, could be at any state at room temperature.
- Form negative ions.
- Accept electrons.
- No lustre.
- Brittle.
- Not ductile.
What are semi-metals or metalloids?
- Are elements that have properties that fall between metals and non-metals.
- Might or might not form ions.
- Staircase elements.
- Poor heat conductors.
- Brittle
- Non-ductile.
- Solid at room temperature.
- Some have lustre, some don’t.
- Some conduct electricity (Semiconductors).
What are the Alkali Metals?
- Lithium(Li), sodium(Na), potassium(K), rubidium(Rb), cesium(Cs), francium(Fr).
- Group 1.
- Silver coloured.
- Reactivity increases as you go down the group.
- Very reactive.
- React violently with water.
What are Alkaline Earth Metals?
- Beryllium(Be), magnesium(Mg), calcium(Ca), strontium(Sr), barium(Ba), radium(Ra).
- Group 2.
- React with oxygen to form oxides.
- Quite reactive.
What are Transition Metals?
- Families 3 through 12.
- Groups 3-12.
- Contains the “coinage” metals.
- Common metals.
What are Lanthanides?
- Period 6.
- Starts with the element lanthanum(La).
What are Actinides?
- Periods 7.
- Starts with the element actinium(Ac).
What are Halogens?
- Fluorine(F), chlorine(Cl), bromine(Br), iodine(I), astatine(At)
- Group 17.
- Solids, liquids or gasses.
- Extremely reactive.
- Reactivity decrease as you go down the group.
- Reactive with metal elements to form “salts”.
- React with hydrogen to form acids.
What are Nobel Gases?
- Helium(He), neon(Ne), argon(Ar), krypton(Kr), xenon(Xe), Radon(Rn).
- Group 18.
- All are colorless gases.
- Very low reactivity.
All elements above #93 are what?
Synthetic(Can only be formed in a lab for a very short amount of time).
What is an atom?
- The building blocks of all substances.
- Can be broken down into:
- Protons: Located in the nucleus of the atom and have a positive charge. The number of protons in an element is the same as its atomic number and determines its properties.
- Electrons: Located outside the nucleus and have a negative charge. Electrons can be gained, lost and shared.
- Neutrons: Located in the nucleus but do not carry an electrical charge. Helps stabilize the structure of an atom.
