Acids and Bases Flashcards
what are the properties of acids?
- Tastes sour.
- Can burn skin.
- Turns blue litmus paper red.
- Phenolphthalein remains colorless in an acid.
- Reacts with metal to form H2(g).
What are the properties of bases?
- Tastes bitter.
- Can burn skin.
- Turns litmus paper blue.
- Phenolphthalein turns pink in a base.
What is the pH scale.
0 most acidic.
7 neutral.
14 least acidic.
What are acids?
- Most often contain hydrogen.
- Can be solid, liquid or gas at room temperature.
- When an acid is dissolved in water it will “ionize”.
What is IUPAC acid naming?
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
Since acids are technically Ionic compounds, they can be named just as any other ionic compound is named.
How do you name the IUPAC formula for acids (Most often hydrogen)?
- Name the second ion in the formula making sure that it has the proper ending(“ide”, “ate” or “ite”).
- Put the word “aqueous “ in front of the name.
What is classical naming?
Since acids are a very special type of ionic compound they get there own naming rules: after writing the IUPAC name for an acids, use the folowing rules to give the acids its classical name:
hydrogen ____ide= hydrogen_____ic acid
hydrogen___ate=
hydrogen ___ic acid
hydrogen____ite=
hydrogen____ous acid
What is the exception to the classical naming rules?
Organic Compounds
- Organic compounds are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen primarily.
- When writing the formula for these organic acids they don’t have to start with hydrogen.
How do you use the classical naming system on sulfur?
-Add “ur” before the “ic” or “ous” in the classic name.
How do you use the classical naming system on phosphorous?
Add”or” before the “ic” or “ous” in the classic name.
What are bases?
Most often contains hydroxide. When a base is dissolved in water it will “dissociate”(split into its individual ions).
What is IUPAC base naming?
-Since bases are technically ionic compounds they can be named just as any other ionic compound is named.
How do you name the IUPAC formula for bases?
- Name the first ion in the formula.
- Name the second ion in the formula(most often hydroxide).
- Put the word “aqueous” in front of the name if indicated by the state.
Since bases are ionic compounds you simply write the formula like you would for any other ionic compound.
Arrhenius’s Theory
Svante Arrhenius defined an acids as _____?
A substance that reacts and releases hydrogen ions in a water solution.
Arrhenius’s Theory
Svante Arrhenius defined a________?
A substance that dissolves in water and releases hydroxide ions, into the solution.
