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Science 10-1 > Molecular Compounds > Flashcards

Molecular Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What are molecular compounds?

A

Molecular compounds are composed of only non-metallic atoms.

  • The non-metals are held together by covalent bonds.
  • Covalent bonds involve the “sharing” of electrons between the atoms involved in the compound.
  • The simultaneous attraction of electrons between the nuclei of adjacent atoms results in the covalent bonds.
  • Made up of non-metals, no charged species are involved.
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2
Q

When naming binary molecular compounds we use a system of prefixes.

A 
-Subscript:1
Prefix:Mono
-Subscript:2
Prefix:Di
-Subscript:3
Prefix: Tri
-Subscript:4
Prefix:Tetra
-Subscript:5
Prefix: Pentra
-Subscript:6
Prefix: Hexa
-Subscript:7
Prefix: Hepta
-Subscript:8
Prefix: Octa
-Subscript:9
Prefix:Nona
-Subscript:10
Prefix: Deca
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3
Q

How do you write covalent compound formulas?

A
  1. Write the chemical symbol for the first element in the name.
  2. Write the appropriate subscript according to the prefix given in the name.
  3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the second element.
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4
Q

How do you name covalent compounds?

A
  1. Look at the subscript on the first atom; write the proper prefix(Mono is not used as a prefix on the first atom in the compound).
  2. Write the name of the first atom as all one word with the prefix.
  3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the second atom, except here the ending of the name if “ide”.
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5
Q

Why do some molecular compounds need to be memorized?

A

They do not follow the prefix rule.

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6
Q

What is the memorized “formula of molecule” for propane?

A

C3H8(g)

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7
Q

What is the memorized “formula of molecule” for methane?

A

CH4(g)

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8
Q

What is the memorized “formula of molecule” for methanol?

A

CH3OH(l)

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9
Q

What is the memorized “formula of molecule” for ethane?

A

C2H6(g)

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10
Q

What is the memorized “formula of molecule” for ethanol(ethyl acid)?

A

C2H5OH(l)

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11
Q

What is the memorized “formula of molecule” for acetic acid(ethanoic acid)(vinegar)?

A

CH3CooH(aq)

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12
Q

What is the memorized “formula of molecule” for ammonia?

A

NH3(g)

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13
Q

What is the memorized “formula of molecule” for glucose?

A

C6H12O6(s)

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14
Q

What is the memorized “formula of molecule” for hydrogen sulfide?

A

H2S(g)

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15
Q

What is the memorized “formula of molecule” for ozone?

A

O3(g)

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16
Q

What is the memorized “formula of molecule” for sucrose?

A

C12H22O11(s)

17
Q

What is the memorized “formula of molecule” for water?

A

H2O(l)

18
Q

What is the memorized “formula of molecule” for hydrogen peroxide?

A

H2O2(l)

19
Q

There are a number of elements on the periodic table that are never found by themselves in nature.

A
  • H1(g): hydrogen
  • F2(g): fluorine
  • I2(s): iodine
  • O2(g): oxygen
  • Cl2(g): chlorine
  • At2(s): astatine
  • N2(g): nitrogen
  • Br2(l): bromine
20
Q

There are two more elements that are never found alone in nature, however, these elements are found as a quartet and octet.

A
  • P4: phosphorus

- S8: sulphur

21
Q

What are the properties of molecular compounds?

A
  • Share electrons.
  • Covalent bonds.
  • Non-metal bonded to non-metal.
  • molecules exist as individual packages.
  • s, l or g at room temperature.
  • Usually will not conduct electricity in solution (Non-electrolytes).
  • When naming use prefixes.
22
Q

How can you tell the difference between an ionic compound and a covalent compound?

A

Ionic has a metal and non-metal bond. Covalent has 2 non-metal bonds. Covalent don’t conduct in solutions.

23
Q

A substance that conducts electricity in solution is called an _______, while a substance that does not conduct electricity in solution is called a _______.

A

Electrolyte, non-electrolyte.

Science 10-1 (27 decks)

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