Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science 10-1 > Chemistry Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chemistry Vocabulary Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define WHMIS.

A

The Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System.
WHMIS ensures a safer workplace by providing a labels, SDSs and by ensuring the appropriate classification of hazardous materials.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define matter.

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define chemical reaction.

A

Where matter changes to produce new substance(s) with properties different from those original materials.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define element.

A

1 type of atom, cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define compound.

A

Made of 2 or more elements chemically united, can be separated chemically into simpler elements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define nucleus.

A

A central of an atom that is positively charged. Contains protons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define electrons.

A

Located outside the nucleus and has a negative charge.

Electrons Chan be gained, lost or shared.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define neutron.

A

Located in the nucleus but does not carry an electrical charge.
Helps stabilize the structure of an atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define isotopes.

A

Atoms of the same element that differ in mass but are chemically alike.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define groups.

A

Vertical columns.
18 groups on the periodic table.
Elements in each group have similar chemical properties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define periods.

A

Horizontal rows.

7 periods on the Periodic table.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define protons.

A

Located in the nucleus of the atom and has a positive charge.
The number of protons in an element is the same as it’s atomic number, and determines it’s properties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define atomic number.

A

Tells you the number of protons found in an atom.
Tells you the number of electrons found in a neutral atoms.
Protons give an element it’s personality and electrons give an element it’s mood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define mass number.

A

The number below the element lettering and it displays the mass of the element.
Sum of the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define ion.

A

An ion is a charged particle(atom). Ions can either be positively charged or negatively charged.
This charge is due to the loss of electrons(the atom becomes a positive ion) or the gain of electrons(the atom becomes a negative ion).
Ions form when atoms join to form compounds. Atoms like to form a Stable Octet in their outer orbital when becoming an ion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define Stable Octet.

A

A full orbital of 8 on the out orbital of an ion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define anions.

A

An anion is an ion with a negative charge.
Anions are always non-metals.
Anions are always formed from atoms that have 5,6 or 7 valence electrons.
Anions will form when a non-metal gains electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define cations.

A

A cations is an ion with a positive charge.
Cations are always metals.
Cations are always formed from atoms that have 1, 2 or 3 valence electrons.
Cations will form when a metal loses electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define valence electrons.

A

The electrons on the outer energy level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define valence energy level.

A

The outer level of energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define pure substance.

A

Matter that has a definite composition.

22
Q

Define mixture.

A

A combination of matter that can be separated by physical means.
Does not have a definite composition.

23
Q

Define heterogeneous mixture.

A

Different compounds of mixture are visible.

Composition is variable throughout the mixture.

24
Q

Define homogeneous mixture.

A

Different components are not visible.

Composition is constant throughout the mixture.

25
Q

Define electron dot diagram.

A

A diagram of dots(electrons) surrounding the lettering of the element.

26
Q

Define ionic compound.

A

A compound made up of ions.

27
Q

Define crystal lattice.

A

A regular repeating pattern of ions in an ionic compound.

28
Q

Define molecular(covalent) compound.

A

A compound made up of two or more non-metals that form molecules by sharing electrons.

29
Q

Define ionic bonds.

A

Ionic bonds form when a metal reacts with a non-metal. When 2 elements react, valence electrons from the metal are transphered to the non-metal. This forms an ionic bond.

30
Q

Define Covalent(molecular) bond.

A

Electrons in a covalent bond are shared by 2 elements.

31
Q

Define polyatomic ion.

A

A cluster of atoms that behave as a single unit in a chemical compound.

32
Q

Define acid.

A

Acids are a substance with a ph of less than 7.

33
Q

Define base.

A

A base is a substance with a ph of high than 7.

34
Q

Define acid-base indicator.

A

Something that detects the presence of an acid or a base.

35
Q

Define ph scale.

A

The scale that shows the rage of acidity and basic.

36
Q

Define hydrogen bonds.

A

Hydrogen bonds are formed when an oxygen atom from one water molecule is attracted to a hydrogen atom in another molecule. Hydrogen are an intermolecular force.

37
Q

Define intermolecular force.

A

The force between molecules.

38
Q

Define intramolecular force.

A

Force within molecules(covalent bond).

39
Q

Define chemical change.

A

A chemical change is a change of materials into another, new materials with different properties and one or more than one new substances are formed. It results when a substance combines with another to form a new substance.

40
Q

Define reactant.

A

A substance that reacts with another substance(s) in a chemical change.

41
Q

Define product.

A

The substance(s) produced as a result of a chemical change.

42
Q

Define precipitate.

A

An insoluble substance.

43
Q

Define insoluble.

A

A substance that cannot dissolve into a solvent.

44
Q

Define solubility.

A

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a particular solvent, such as water.

45
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy can be converted from one form to another, but the total energy of the universe remains constant. In order for this to be true, energy is linked to the formation or breakdown of chemical bonds.

46
Q

Define endothermic reaction.

A

Reactions that release energy, energy is the product.

47
Q

Define exothermic reaction.

A

Reactions that absorb energy, energy is a reactant.

48
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

The total mass of the reacting substances (the reactants) is always equal to the total mass of the resulting substances (the products) during a chemical reaction.

49
Q

Define mole.

A

Symbol: mol

Represents a certain number of things.

50
Q

What is Avogadro’s number?

A

6.02 X 10^23

Avogadro’s number is so large because an adam is so small.

51
Q

What is atomic mass?

A

The number given on the periodic table to the nearest one-hundredth of a gram.

52
Q

What is molar mass?

A

Atomic mass( in relation to the mol). Molar mass is the mass (in grams) of one mole (6.02 X 10^23 particles) of a substance.

Science 10-1 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions