periodic table and bonding

Question 1

what do elements in the same group on the periodic table have in common?

Answer 1

elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar properties

Question 2

what is the Basic Atomic structure, The Bohr Model?

Answer 2

it is a model of an atom that shows all the atoms electrons in circular obits around the nucleus which contains protons and neutrons.

Question 3

describe an atom

Answer 3

Atoms are the smallest building blocks of matter and make up everything around us. each atom has a the nucleus that is made up of protons and neutrons. it has a positively charged nucleus and is surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

Question 4

what are ionic bonds formed from?

Answer 4

a non metal and a metal.

Question 5

what are covalent bonds formed from?

Answer 5

two non metals.

Question 6

how are groups and periods organized?

Answer 6

groups: vertical

periods: horizontal

Question 7

what do elements in the same period have in common?

Answer 7

Atoms in a period have the same number of electron shells

Question 8

what do elements in the same group have in common?

Answer 8

Atoms in a group share the same number of valence electrons (same amount of electrons in the valence (last) shell)

Question 9

what is the atomic number and mass?

Answer 9

atomic mass = A (number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus)

atomic number = Z (the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom)

Question 10

where are the metals and non-metals located on the periodic table?

Answer 10

The metals are to the left of the line (except for hydrogen, which is a nonmetal), the nonmetals are to the right of the line

Question 11

what are the names of the groups on the periodic table?

Answer 11

Group I (Alkali metals), Group 2 (Alkali earth metals), Group 17 (halogens), and Group 18 (Noble Gases). The middle block on the periodic table is called the Transition metals block

Question 12

what are the physical properties of metals?

Answer 12

good conductors of heat and electricity, high density, malleable and ductile.

Question 13

what is the structure of atoms in terms of electron shells?

Answer 13

The electrons in an atom are arranged in shells that surround the nucleus, with each successive shell being farther from the nucleus. Electron shells consist of one or more subshells

Question 14

what is the maximum number of electrons in each shell of an atom?

Answer 14

2, 8, 8

Question 15

what is an atom’s valence electrons

Answer 15

valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell. for example, oxygen has six valence electrons, two in the 1st shell and four in the 2nd shell

Question 16

Identify an element from its configuration and know the outermost electrons are called valence electron

Answer 16

count the electrons and match to element atomic number

Question 17

1st and 2nds represent first and second shell. what is the electronic configuration of Potassium (K) and Fluorine(F)? Be able to draw each and represent numericall

Answer 17

K: 2,8,8,1

F: 2, 7

Question 18

Explain how the electronic structure of an atom determines its position in the periodic table and its chemical activity(metal reactivity is the focus)

Answer 18

Elements in groups 1 & 2 have low ionization energy​
They lose electrons easily, so they are highly reactive​
As atomic radius increases in these groups, less energy is needed to remove valence electrons because they are further from the nucleus and held less firmly​
Larger atoms in Groups 1 and 2 tend to be more reactive

Question 19

Interpret metal reactivity series (given) to determine which metals will displace another metal from solutions

Answer 19

elements located higher on the reactivity series will have higher reactivity due to the difference in stability of their electron configurations as atoms and as ions

Question 20

Interpret practical results to determine the reactivity series for certain metals

Answer 20

from left to right on the periodic table the reactivity decrease. in an experiment it can be found that a more reactive element will displace the less reactive.

Question 21

Apply the results of a metal reactivity series to predict and explain possible metal displacement reaction

Answer 21

Based on this series, zinc is more reactive than copper. Therefore, we can predict that zinc will displace copper from copper sulfate in a displacement reaction. This is because zinc has a greater tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions compared to copper

Question 22

what are the the reactivity trends in the Periodic Table?

Answer 22

Metal reactivity decreases from left to right across periods and increases down groups (the bigger the atomic number the higher the reactivity.)

Question 23

Ionic Bonding -Understand elements that will form ionic bond

Answer 23

Ionic bonds occur between metals, losing electrons, and nonmetals, gaining electrons. Ions with opposite charges will attract one another creating an ionic bond

Question 24

Identify the ions that will form an element (Cations & Anions)

Answer 24

cation(metal)
sodium 1+
mg2+

anion
oxygen: O2-
chlorine Cl-

Question 25

Covalent bonding-Identify elements that will form covalent bonds

Answer 25

all non metals such as
hydrogen
oxygen
chlorine
sulfur

Question 26

Understand the lattice structure of ionic compounds and why

Answer 26

a repeating 3 dimensional pattern of atoms in a crystal.

Question 27

Describe the structure of covalent bonds and link this to the properties of covalently bonded molecules

Answer 27

mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms

the atoms outer valence shells connect

Question 28

Draw the covalent bonding in simple molecules: (Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Water, Carbon Dioxide and Methane)

Answer 28

draw covalent bonding (sharing to gain full electron shells)

Question 29

ionic: transfer, covalent: sharing

Question 30

atoms are always neutral

Question 31

how to find the formula for an element

Answer 31

find the formula for an element by finding how many more or less electrons are needed. for example oxygen’s atomic number is 8 with 2 in the first shell and 6 in the second shell. it needs 2 more electrons therefore O2 is the formula

Question 32

what is a valence shell?

Answer 32

the last shell of an atom

Question 33

brackets for molecules as they are made from 2 elements when calculating formulas