biology evolution

Question 1

Discuss the role that artificial selection has in the evolution of species today

Answer 1

an evolutionary process in which humans consciously select for or against particular features in organisms

It is the intentional reproduction of desirable traits.
In organisms that reproduce sexually, two adults that possess a desired trait,such as two parent plants that are tall, are bred together.
 the next generation will consist of more tall plants than previous generations.
If artificial selection is continued, all of the population will ultimately be tall.

Question 2

Describe and apply the process of natural selection

Answer 2

step (1): Selection pressure/selecting agent acts upon individuals within population. These might be:
Competition for limited resource
Predators
Disease
Environment e.g. temperature, water availability

Step (2).Due to variation, some individuals are better suited to survive the selecting pressure/agent

Step (3).These individuals survive to reproduce

Step (4).Favourable genes (traits) passed onto future generation

Step (5).Favourable traits (genes) become more common in the population over time.

Question 3

what are abiotic and biotic factors?

Answer 3

Biotic and abiotic factors are what make up ecosystems.

Abiotic are non-living components; such as water, soil and atmosphere

Biotic factors are living things within an ecosystem; such as plants, animals, and bacteria

Question 4

species?

Answer 4

A group of similar organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring

Question 5

population?

Answer 5

A group of organisms of the same species living in the same place

Question 6

what is a trait?

Answer 6

a feature of an organism

Question 7

what is a gene?

Answer 7

A unit of genetic information

Question 8

what is a gene pool?

Answer 8

the total number and type of genes in a population

Question 9

selection pressure?

Answer 9

An abiotic or biotic factor that will affect the survival of an individual in a species.

A selection pressure drives the evolution of a species, through Natural Selection

Question 10

speciation?

Answer 10

The formation of a new species

Question 11

geographical and reproductive isolation.

Answer 11

geographicalisolation: the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers.

REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION is a barrier that prevents two organisms from successfully interbreeding. It is a means of separating species

Question 12

variation?

Answer 12

A difference in traits between individuals of the same species.

Genetic variations can introduce different traits in an organism

Question 13

beneficial characterizations?

Answer 13

traits that help living things survive and have more babies. These traits can include things like being able to hide from predators, run fast, protect themselves, have lots of babies, or resist diseases

Question 14

survival advantage?

Answer 14

benefit from processing material for its survival-relevance

Question 15

Describe how natural selection can lead to speciation

Answer 15

one species gives rise to a new and distinctly different species

Question 16

Discuss the role that artificial selection has in the evolution of species today

Answer 16

Artificial selection has long been used in agriculture to produce animals and crops with desirable traits

Question 17

Describe biodiversity as a function of evolution

Answer 17

the variety of species, the greater the variety of species found, the greater the biodiversity.

Question 18

Describe the evidence that exist for the theory of evolution

Answer 18

fossil records (A FOSSILis the preserved remain or trace of a past organism)

homologes structures (By comparing the anatomy (how animals and plants are made) of species that seem very different we can see great similarity)

UNIVERSAL PRESENCE/STRUCTURE/PROCESSING OF DNA

SIMILARITY IN DNASEQUENCES/AMINO ACID SEQUENCES

Question 19

Understand how different selective pressures have led to biodiversity

Answer 19

Different challenges in nature have made living things adapt in unique ways, leading to biodiversity

Question 20

Understand and apply the concept of:

Convergent evolution (using examples)

Divergent evolution (using examples)

Answer 20

Convergent Evolution:

Independent development of similar features in separate species.
Traits not in shared ancestor.
When different species face the same challenges.
Similar traits for survival.
Traits become common in the population.

Divergent Evolution:

Different species from common ancestor.
Evolve differently due to different challenges.
Accumulate helpful mutations.
Fill different roles in ecosystems.

Question 21

Describe how humans are changing selective pressure and evolution of species

Answer 21

human activities have significant impacts on the selective pressures acting on species. These pressures can lead to evolutionary changes, often in ways that may not be beneficial for the long-term health of ecosystems and biodiversity.

such as pollution and climate change

Question 22

what is natural selection?

Answer 22

Natural selection is The survival of organisms that are better adapted to their environment

for example, predators may find them easier to catch because they are slower runners, have poorer eyesight or are more easily seen.

Question 23

what is the first step of speciation?

Answer 23

isolation

Question 24

what is evolution?

Answer 24

change of species over time. resulting in the formation of new species

Question 25

why did more flies survive selection pressure that breed into 1000?

Answer 25

the flies may be better suited to their environment survive the pressure of selective agents

Question 26

why are donkeys and horses different species

Answer 26

their offspring is infertile