Periodic Table Flashcards
Group
A column of elements on the periodic table
Period
A horizontal row of elements on the periodic table
Ion
Charged particles that form during chemical changes when one or more valence electrons transfer from one atom to another
Metal
Elements that are shiny and are good conductors of thermal energy and electrical current
Metalloids
Elements that both the properties of a metal and nonmetal; sometimes referred to as semi conductors
Non metals
Elements that are dull and poor conductors of thermal electric energy
Element
A pure substance that can’t be separated by physical or chemical means
Conductor
A material for which electrical charges and thermal energy move easily through
Chemical bond
A force of attraction that holds two atoms together
Covalent bond
The force of attraction between the nuclei of atoms and the electrons shared by atoms (occurs when two or more nonmetals bond together)
Malleable
The ability of a substance to be pounded into thin sheets
Ductile
The ability of a substance to drawn or pulled into thin wire
Periodic
Having a regular, repeating pattern
Periodic Law
The law that states that the chemical and physical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
Alkali metals
The elements in group 1 of the periodic table, the most reactive metals, have one valence electron
Alkaline earth metals
The elements in group 2 of the periodic table, they are very reactive but not as reactive as the elements in group 1, two valence electrons
Halogens
The elements in group 17 of the periodic table, they are reactive nonmetals, have seven valence electrons; means “salt former”
Noble gases
The unreactive elements in group 18 of the periodic table, eight valence electron (except helium)
valence electrons
The electrons in the outer most energy level of an atom , these electrons are involved in chemical bonding
Transition metals
Elements in groups 3-12 of the periodic table with one or two valence electrons
Ionic bond
The force of attraction between oppositely charged particles (Bond between a metal and a nonmetal)
A group is also called a
Family
How many valence electrons does it take for the last valence of an electron to be full?
Eight
An atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge
Ion
When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a _____ ion
Positive
When an atom gains an electron, it becomes a __________ ion
Negative
If ice cream melts, how does the mass of the ice cream compared to the mass of the liquid?
The mass does not change
Does an endothermic or exothermic reaction absorb energy?
Endothermic
Is combustion and endothermic or exothermic reaction?
Exothermic
Is energy released in an exothermic reaction or an endothermic reaction?
Exothermic
Chemically questions must be balanced because of what law?
The law of conservation of mass
Is a melting popsicle a chemical or physical change?
Physical
Is a rusting garden tool a physical or chemical change?
Chemical
Is the process of photosynthesis in a plant a chemical or physical change?
Chemical
Is a lumber cut from a tree a physical or chemical change
Physical
Are exploding fireworks a chemical or physical change?
Chemical
When the type of molecules change is that a chemical physical change?
Chemical
Is a change in size of a substance a chemical or physical change?
Physical
Is melted butter hardening in a fridge a chemical or physical change?
Physical
Is chocolate melting in a hot car a physical or chemical change
Physical
What is the main reason people would be concerned about a new nuclear power plant in the neighborhood?
People would be concerned about a new local nuclear power plant because of the threat of an accident.
What process is used by nuclear power plants to produce low-cost, long-lasting energy?
Nuclear power plants use a process called nuclear fission
What is nuclear fission
The splitting of the nucleus to create energy
What is the problem with nuclear waste from a power plant
Nuclear waste remains dangerous for hundreds of thousands of years and there’s no safe place to keep them
The substances that enter a chemical reaction are called ____________
Reactants
____________ are The substances produced by a chemical reaction
Products
In a chemical reaction, ____________ is gained or lost
Mass
In a chemical equation the number of atoms of the reactants and products must _______________
Balance
Iron combining with oxygen to form a more complex substance is an example of a ___________ reaction
Synthesis
In a _______________ reaction a complex substance is broken down into simpler substance
Decomposition
In a ____________________ reaction Adams of one element replace atoms of another element in a compound.
Single-replacement
The reaction ______ is the speed with which reactants turn into product
Rate
A number written below into the right of a chemical symbol in a formula is called a ___________
Subscript
Which law states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical or physical changes?
The law of conservation of mass
Chemical formula
A shorthand notation for a compound or diatomic molecule using chemical symbols and numbers
Chemical equation
A shorthand description of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols
Chemical reaction
The process by which one or more substances undergo change to produce one or more different substances
Coefficient
A number placed in front of a chemical symbol or formula, used to balance a chemical equation
Endothermic
The term used to describe a physical or chemical change in which energy is absorbed
Exothermic
The term used to describe a physical or chemical changes in which energy is released
The law of conservation of mass
The law that states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes
Binary compound
A chemical compound consisting of two element
Neutralization
A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces salt and water
Catalyst
A substance that speeds up a reaction without being permanently changed
Inhibitor
A substance that slows down or stops a chemical reaction
