Matter (8th Grade Unit Test) Flashcards
Physical property
A property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter
Chemical property
A property of matter that describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties
States of Matter
The physical forms when which a substance can exist: states include solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
Solid
The state in which matter has a definite shape and volume
Liquid
A state in which matter takes the shape of its container and has definite volume
Gas
The state in which matter changes both in shape and volume
Plasma
The state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume and his particles a broken apart; plasma is composed of electrons in positively charged ions
Element
A pure substance that cannot be separated or broken down by into simpler substances using physical or chemical means
Pure Substance
A substance in which there is only one type of particle; includes elements and compounds
Compound
A pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined
Mixture
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Solution
A mixture that appears to be a single substance that is composed of particles of two or more substances that are distributed evenly amongst each other
Solute
The substance that is dissolved to form a solution
Solvent
The substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution
Concentration
A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent
Solubility
The ability to dissolve in another substance; more specifically, the amount needed to make a saturated solution using a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature
Suspension
A mixture in which particles of the material or dispense throughout a liquid or gas but are large enough that they settle out
Colloid
A mixture where the particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out
Kinetic Theory Of Matter
The theory that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion
Thermal Expansion
The increase in volume of a substance due to the increase in temperature
Density
The amount of matter in a given space
Atom
The smallest particle in which an element can be divided and still be the same substance
Acid
Any compound that increases the number of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water and whose solution taste sour and can change the color of certain compounds
Base
Any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water and who’s solution taste better, feel slippery, and can change the color of certain compounds
Conductivity
A measure of the ability of a given substance to conduct electric current
Organic compound
A covalent compound composed of carbon based molecules
pH
Stands for: potential hydrogen. A measure of hydronium ion concentration in a solution; a pH of seven is neutral; pH less than seven is acidic; a pH greater than seven is basic
Salt
An ionic compound formed from the positive ion of a base and a negative ion of an acid
Combustibility/combustion
The burning of fuel; the process in which field combines with oxygen in a chemical change it produces thermal energy
Reactivity
The relatives capacity of an Atom, molecule, or radical to undergo a chemical reaction with another Atom, molecule, or compound
Acidity
The level of acid in substances (pH lower than 7)
Basicity
The level of base in substances (pH higher than 7)
What can be used to identify unknown substances?
Characteristic properties
Give an example of a physical property
Shape Solubility Density Odor Melting Point Boiling Point Color
Give an example of a chemical property
Acidity Basicity Combustibility Reactivity Flammability
Volume
The amount of space taken up by an object
Mass
The amount of matter in an object
Are mass and weight the same or different?
DIFFERENT
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Weight it the measure of gravitational force, and mass is the amount of matter in you.
What is mass measured in?
Grams (g)
Does your mass change on the moon?
No
Does your weight change on the moon?
Yes
How is density calculated
D= M/V
Density=Mass over Volume
Characteristic properties are always the _____ whether the substance is big or small
Same
Homogeneous mixture
The same appearance and properties throughout the mixture (solutions)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Do not have the same appearance throughout in the components can be easily seen. (Suspensions and colloids)
Is a solution homogeneous or heterogeneous?
HOMOGENEOUS
Is a suspension homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Heterogeneous
Is a colloid homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Heterogeneous
Anything that takes up space is made of _____
Matter
A ________ is a characteristic of matter
Property
_________ properties describe how matter changes into a new matter
Chemical
Color, shape, and texture are ________ properties
Physical
Matter
Anything that has volume and mass
________ is the amount of matter in an object
Mass
The weight of objects is commonly measured on a ______
Scale
_______ is the amount of space something takes up
Volume
Volume can be measured in ________ or ___________________
Milliliters or cubic centimeters
______is the amount of matter per unit of volume
Density
Density equals mass divided by _______
Volume
Which state of matter had surface tension
Liquid
In Which state of matter do the particles vibrate in place?
Solid
Which state of matter can be used in hydraulic systems
Liquid
What is the SI Unit for expressing mass?
Kilogram
