Periodic properties Flashcards
A group of elements have the same amount of ___ ___
valence electrons
a period of elements have the same amount of ___ ___
electron shells
Transition metals show variable ____, can have multiple __ ___. they have this property because they have several electrons with similar __ __, meaning that one or all of them can be removed depending on the circumstances
valence, oxidation states, energy states
Most transition metals have ____ except row ____
colour, 4
The inner transition metals have their valence electrons in the inner __ orbital while transition metals have their valence electrons in their outer ___ orbitals. The most prominent oxidation state for transition metals is __, while for inner transition metals is ___. Inner transition metals are also far less ____.
f, d, 2+, 3+, abundant
atoms that exist in pair due to unstable nature
diatomic atoms
Metals are __, and ___, good conductors of __ and __, form ___ oxides, ___ electrons to form cations, __ at room temperature (except mercury) and have high __ and __ points
malleable, lustrous, heat, electricity, basic, lose, solid, boiling, melting
Non metals are __ and __, a poor conductors of electricity and heat, form __ oxides, gain electrons to form ___, are __ or ___ are room temperature (except bromine) and have ___ melting and boiling points
brittle, dull, acidic, anions, gas, solid, low
1/2 the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together
atomic radius
atomic radius decreases ___ to ___ due to more ______ exerting a greater nuclear attraction between protons and electrons. They also get larger going __ a group, because there are more electrons, and the addition of a new __ ___< and each new shell gets further away from the nucleus
left, right, protons, down, electron shell
The amount of positive charge experienced by an electron
effective nuclear charge
The __ ___ of lower orbital electrons prevents higher orbital electrons from experiencing a __ ___ to the nucleus. This explains the easy removal of ___ ____.
shielding effect, strong attraction, valence electrons
Equation for Zeff
Zeff = Z (# of protons) - S (# of shielding electrons / non valence electrons)
The Zeff ____ from left to right due to the increase in the number of ____. Zeff ___ going up a group.
increases, protons, increases
atoms with identical number of electrons and differing number of protons
isoelectronic series