Liquids and Solids Flashcards
(40 cards)
Intermolecular forces determine physical properties such as __ point, ___ point, ___, and __. These are __ than intramolecular forces
boiling, melting, solubility, density, weaker
LDFs are Intermolecular forces that occurs between ___ molecules due to ____ dipole moment elicited by non uniform distribution of charges. It has the lowest ___ ___ and increases with ____.
all, transient, bond strength, size
Dipole-dipole forces are weak attractive forces between two ___ molecules with ___ dipoles. The __ end of one molecule attracts the ___ end of another. The more ____ the molecule, the stronger the force, and the higher the __ __-
polar, permanent, positive, negative, polar, boiling point
Hydrogen bonding is a ___ type of dipole-dipole interaction between a hydrogen atom ___ bonded to an ___, ___ __ and another electronegative atom
strong, covalently, N, O, F
Branched molecules tend to have ___ boiling points than their unbranched counterparts
lower
Liquids boil when the molecules have enough _ __ to overcome the ___ __ that hold them together.
thermal energy, intermolecular forces
Form when atoms of slightly different electronegativities share electrons
polar covalent bonds
Form between same atoms of atoms with very similar electronegativities sharing electrons equally
nonpolar covalent bonds
form when there is a complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms
ionic bonds
form between metal cations and the valence electrons moving freely through the lattice; a metal’s outermost shell of electrons is loosely held
metallic bonds
All phase changes are ___ change not ___ changes, and they are ___
physical, chemical, reversible
The heat of vaporization is ___ than the heat of fusion. This is because vaporization requires more energy to break __ the forces of attraction between the molecules, but fusion requires only enough energy for molecules to escape from their sites in the __ __, leaving other forces of attraction intact
greater, all, crystal lattice
The heat of sublimation is ___ than the heat of vaporization. This is because solids have stronger __ ___ than liquids do
greater, intermolecular forces
For a formation reaction, the reaction forms __ mole of a single product, and the reactants must be elements in their ___ states
1, standard
the melting point at a pressure of 1 atm
normal melting point
the temperature at which a liquid’s vapor pressure equals 1 atm
normal boiling point
Where all 3 phases are present and in equilibrium
triple point
the conditions of temperature and pressure at which liquid and gas phases become indistinguishable
critical point
For CO2, there is no __ __ at 1atm, and the liquid solid boundary has a ___ slope
liquid state, positive
Liquids are generally ___ fluid with a definite __ but no fixed shape.
incompressible, volume
The degree to which a solute can be dissolved in a liquid
solubility
the degree to which a liquid mixes with another liquid
miscibility
thickness of a liquid
viscosity
Increasing the temperature __ the viscosity
decreases
