Atomic and Molecular Structure Flashcards
Dalton’s atomic theory explains that all matter is made up of -__ which are ___. And that all atoms of a given element are identical in __ and ___
atoms, indivisible, mass, property
___ electrons are all electrons except the valence electrons, and the number of electrons in each energy level is equal to ____
core, 2n^2
atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
isotopes
involves changes to the physical properties of a substance; no new products are formed and no new chemical bonds are formed or destroyed
physical reactions
When bonds are formed or broken and new substances are made
chemical reaction
When two different compounds come together to form a single compound; usually release energy
synthesis
When a compound breaks down into two or more products; require energy
decomposition
When one element replaces another in a compound
single displacement
When two elements replace one another in a compound
double displacement
When a substance reacts with O2 to form light and heat
combustion
Bohr believed that electrons move in __ __ around the nucleus, but this has since been disproven
fixed orbitals
states that it is impossible to know both the exact location and momentum of an electron at the same time
heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
the space that is the most probable locations for electrons
electron cloud
The __ ___ ___ describes the energy level of the electron, and it must be ____. The maximum number of electrons each level can hold is given by ____. The ___ number on the periodic table represents the energy level of the valence electrons
principle quantum number, N>=1, 2n^2, row
the __ __ __ describes the orbital shape, and can be between __ and ___.
azimuthal quantum number, orbital shape, 0, n-1
When l = 0, the subshell is ___, which is ___ shaped, when l=1 the subshell is ___ which is ____ shaped, when l=2 the subshell is ____ which is ___ shaped and when l=3, the subshell is ___
s, spherical p, dumbell, d, clover, f
The magnetic quantum number describes the __ ___ in space, and takes the value of __ and ___
orbital orientation, -l, +l
The __ ___ __ describes the angular momentum of the electron and can be either __ or ___
spin quantum number, -1/2, +1/2
Says that no two electrons within an atom can have the exact same quantum numbers
pauli’s exclusion principle
The s orbital has __ electrons, the p orbital has ___ electrons, the d orbital has ___ electrons, and the f orbital has ___ electrons
2, 6, 10, 14
describes the number of electrons in each energy level and the order in which subshells are filled
electron configuration
In electron configuration notation, the first number describes the __ __ __, and the letter describes its ___, the superscript describes the number of ___ in it
principle energy level, subshell, electrons
the alkali and alkaline earth metals are the ___ block, the nonmetals are the ___, the transition metals are the __, and the lanthinide and actinides are the ___ block
s, p, d, f
says that subshells tend to get filled from lower energy to higher energy
aufbau principle
Says that all orbitals of a subshell are first singly occupied before they are doubly occupied
hund’s rule
Exceptions to the electron configurations occur when elements like to have ___ or ___ ___ subshells. This includes elements like __, __ and ___, ___, ___
full, half full, Cr, Mo, Au, Ag, Cu
Valence electrons are always removed first from the __ ____ subshell
highest energy
When two species that have the same electronic configurations
isoelectronic species
