Chemical equilibrium Flashcards
In dynamic equilibrium the forward and reverse __ are the same, resulting in no observable change, however the reaction is continuously ____. The concentrations of reactants or products is ___ ___ equal
rates, moving, not always
Equilibrium constant excludes concentrations of pure __ and pure ___, and only looks at ___ solutions and ___. The formula is ____
liquids, solids, aqueous, gases, kf/kr = [C]^c[D]^d/[A]^a[B]^b
Relation of gibbs free energy to keq
G° = -RTlnKeq
Uses concentrations of the reactants and products at any point in the reaction
reactant quotient
If Q < Keq there is a __ concentration of reactants than there is at equilibrium and the reaction proceeds in the ___ direction
higher, forward
If Q = K, the reaction is in ___
equilibrium
If Q > Keq there is a higher concentration of ___ than there is at equilibrium and the reaction proceeds in the ___ direction
products, reverse
The equilibrium constant of the reverse reaction is equal to ___
1/kf
An equilibrium state can be disturbed by a change in __, __ and __
concentration, pressure, temperature
When there is a compression, there is a shift to the side with __ moles of gas, whereas it would shift to the opposite side if there was a __
fewer, expansion
Adding an ____ gas to the equation does not affect equilibrium
inert
when ions in solution react to form an insoluble solid
precipitation reaction
describes the extent to which an ionic compound dissolves in water
solubility product constant Ksp
The more soluble the substance , the __ the Ksp
higher
describes the current state of the solution when ions are dissolved
solubility product quotient / ion product constant
If Qsp < Ksp, the solution is ____ and will shift to dissolve more ___
unsaturated, ions
When Qsp = Ksp, the solution is ___ and __ dissolve more solute
saturated, cannot
When Qsp > Ksp, the solution is ___ and cannot dissolve more solute, and there will be a ___
supersaturated, precipitate
number of moles that can be dissolved per liter of solution until the solution becomes saturated
molar solubility
describes the decrease in solubility of a ionic precipitate when a soluble compound is added to the solution that shares an ion common to the precipitate
common ion effect
When a proton is transferred from one water molecule to another water molecule
autoionization
ka is given by the _____
(conjugate acid)(conjugate base)/ acid
kb is given by the _____
(conjugate base) (conjugate acid)/base
Kw = ____ for the acid and its conjugate base
ka (kb)
If a strong base is added, of pH is ____, there is an increase in ___ ions and a shift to the ____ of equilibrium
decrease, hydronium, left
If the pH is __ or there is a strong base added, hydronium ions are ___ and the equilibrium shifts to the ____
increase, decreased, right
The concentration of the H+ is the square root of ___ x (concentration of ____)
ka, weak acid
