Period 7 (1890-1945)

Question 1

Mod 7-10

What developments directly pulled the US out of the Great Depression?

Carlos Gutierrez

Answer 1

The onset of World War 2. The United States had to fully mobilize for war. In order to achieve this, FDR established the War Production Board which essentially oversaw the economy and transformed into a war economy. This gave businesses large autonomy and military production soared over 800 percent. This increased production required immense government spending which also contributed to stimulating the economy. Conscription into the military greatky helped reduce unemployment by recruiting 7 million unemployed people. Unemployment decreased from a whopping 8 million to a mere 1 million. This substantial decrease in unemployment and increase in industrial production, was instrumental to fueling economic growth. The US GDP grew from 900 billion in 1939 to around 1.5 trillion in 1945.

Question 2

Mod 7-8

What were mid to long term impacts of the New Deal?

Carlos Gutierrez

Answer 2

National Labor Relations Act also known as the Wagner Act (1935) - This act primarily sponsered by Senator Robert F. Wagner established the National Labor Relations Board to deal with relations between owners and workers. It was heavily pro union as it focused on protecting laborer’s rights to organize unions without owner interferance. Moderately contributed to the growth of union membership, from 6 percent of workers in 1929 to a whopping 33 percent in 1940.

Social Security Act (1935)- America essentially became a limited welfare state as it provided a social net for most Americans. People over the age of 65 were largely eligible for retirement pensions funded from payroll taxes. Temporarily unemployed people recieved unemployment insurance. Finally disabled people and single parent children recieved welfare payments.

New Deal for African Americans- FDR appointed black people such as Mary McLeod Bethune and Robert Weaver to head New Deal Agencies. Establishment of the “Black Cabinet” to advise FDR on racial affairs. Establishment of Civil Liberties Unit in DOJ to deal with racial discrimination. Very instrumental to triggering a party shift where African American voters flocked en masse to the Democratic Party, a trend that has lasted till this day

Question 3

Mod 7-6

What was the immediate cause of the Great Depression?

Carlos Gutierrez

Answer 3

Black Tuesday (October 29, 1929) - the New York Stock Exchange crashed as result of failure of speculative stock buying prices. During the roaring 20’s, stock prices were immensly increasing and investors obtained stocks by obtaining loans with a generous down payment. Stocks tumbled down in October and investors were unable to pay their loans. Banks were unable to deal with this overextension of payment and they were next in this domino effect that caused the global Great Depression.

Question 4

Mod 7-1

Which key reformer founded the Women’s Christian Temperance Union?

Answer 4

Frances Willard

Question 5

Mod 7-4

Which two federal acts limited freedom of speech and protest during the First World War?

Ben Volk

Answer 5

Espionage Act (1917) and Sedition Act (1918)

Question 6

Mod 7-9

What was one early example of German expansionism leading up to the start of WWII?

Ben Volk

Answer 6

Munich Accord (1938)

Question 7

What was Black Tuesday and why was it significant?

Ethan Xia

Answer 7

On Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the United States stock market crashed, beginning a chain of events that led to the Great Depression.

Question 8

Who were the Axis Powers?

Ethan Xia

Answer 8

The alliance between Germany, Japan, and Italy during WWII.

Question 9

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed, and what were its impacts?

Ethan Xia

Answer 9

The Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919. The treaty stripped Germany of its military, forced Germany to repair war damages and acknowledge guilt for causing WWI, and prevented Germany from manufacturing weapons.

Question 10

Module 7-2

What did the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) do?

Jessica Zhao

Answer 10

• banned corporate operations undermining economic competition (e.g. price discrimination)
• strengthened Sherman Antitrust Act

Question 11

Module 7-4

Which 2 acts responded toward WWI by limiting freedom of speech?

Jessica Zhao

Answer 11

• Espionage Act: prohibit antiwar activities
• Sedition Act: punish those expressing hostiile opinions toward the US

Question 12

Module 7-8

Who was Charles E. Coughlin?

Jessica Zhao

Answer 12

• critic of the New Deal
• spoke about the evils of the New Deal (e.g. catering to the greedy) on the radio

Question 13

7.11

What determined the fate of postwar Eastern Europe after the defeat of the Axis powers, and which 3 people signed it?

Phillip Skarbek

Answer 13

The Yalta Agreement, negotiated in 1945 between Roosevelt, Churchhill, and Stalin negotiated the fate of postwar Eastern Europe, but did little to ease growing tensions between the USSR and its western allies.

Question 14

7.9

What group was a a major supporter of isolationism and who founded it?

Phillip Skarbek

Answer 14

America First Committee, Gerald Nye (1940)

Question 15

7.9

What main factor helped the US maintain its sence of isolationism before it partook in WWII?

Phillip Skarbek

Answer 15

Neutrality Acts

Question 16

Module 7.1

What is Progressivism?

Ian Marin

Answer 16

Progressivism was a movement in the U.S. in the early 20th century that wanted society to work together to achieve progress, especially for lower classes ad those struggling.

Question 17

Module 7.3

How did the U.S. maintain good trade relations with China?

Ian Marin

Answer 17

They negotiated the Open Door Policy so that China was obligated to maintain equal trade with the United States

Question 18

Module 7.6

What were some factors included in the Harlem Renaissance?

Ian Marin

Answer 18

Black people at the time created jazz, blues, and art.

Question 19

7.10

What group of people were affected by the Zoot Suit Riots and how?

Noelle Peralta

Answer 19

Mexican-Americans were affected by Zoot Suit Riots, as although Zoot Suiters were Mexican-American gang members, the belief all Mexican-Americans were part of gangs affected their daily lives.

Question 20

7.3

What did yellow journalists do?

Noelle Peralta

Answer 20

Yellow journalists were journalists that extrapolated and exaggerated the events occurring specifically during the acquisition of Cuba. They focused more on drama than facts.

Question 21

Who were The Big 3 Allies?

Edward

Answer 21

UK, US, Soviet

Question 22

What was FDR’s plan to get the US out of the Great Depression?

Edward Sanchez

Answer 22

The New Deal

Question 23

What treaty ended WW1?

Edward Sanchez

Answer 23

The Treaty of Versailles

Question 24

Mod 7-5

What was the Red Scare?

Blaise G-S

Answer 24

It was a period of hysteria over the threat of Communists and Communism-inspired radicalism after WWI.

Question 25

# Mod 7-10 What was Executive Order 9066? ## Footnote Blaise G-S

Answer 25

Order that FDR authorized, allowed military on the west coast to forcefully remove anyone who was deemed a "threat" to national security and putting them in incarceration camps. (mostly Japanese-Americans)

Question 26

# Mod 7-2 What was the 17th Amendment? ## Footnote Blaise G-S

Answer 26

It allowed US Senators to be elected by popular vote.

Question 27

# Module 7-6 What was the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) and what were their views? ## Footnote Alexis Limary

Answer 27

* The UNIA was formed in 1914 by Marcus Garvey to promote black self-help, pan-Africanism, and racial sepratism * Unlike the NAACP who sought equal access for African Americans, Garvey and the UNIA favored a Back to Africa movement.

Question 28

# Module 7-5 What was a population shift of more than 400,00 African Americans who left the South and headed north and west to escape poverty and racial discrimination ## Footnote Alexis Limary

Answer 28

The Great Migration (1917-1918 and again in the 1920s)

Question 29

# Module 7-4 What events caused the U.S. to enter WWI ## Footnote Alexis Limary

Answer 29

* Sinking of the Lusitania by German submarine torpedos which killed 128 Americans * German use of unrestricted submarine warfare * Zimmermann telegram (1917) telegram where Germany offered Mexico an alliance to gain territory lost to the US if the US joined the Allies

Question 30

# Mod 7-1 What did different black leaders view as the solution to racial inequality? ## Footnote Monica D

Answer 30

- Booker T Washington believed that segregation should be accepted, but encouraged racial pride. He thought that African Americans should build their character and then seek further education, and was against protesting. - Ida B Wells took to the court and became a journalist. She believed leaders should speak out on injustices. - WEB Du Bois believed in a liberal arts education and demanding the right to vote. He helped create the NAACP that focused on fighting for equality.

Question 31

# Mod 7-4 Why did the U.S. never join the League of Nations or sign the Treaty of Versailles? ## Footnote Monica D

Answer 31

Although President Wilson spent months compromising over his plans to satisfy other countries, he could not get Senate to ratify the treaty. Many changes were made that satisfied Senate, but Wilson refused to agree on them.

Question 32

# Mod 7-6 What was the goal of the National Origins Act? ## Footnote Monica D

Answer 32

It was passed to restrict immigration. It targeted immigrants from east Asia and eastern and southern Europe but was lienient with Mexicans and other western immigrants for labor.

Question 33

# Module 7-1 What was pragmatism? ## Footnote Claire Lim

Answer 33

A philosophy that holds that truth can be discovered only through experience and that the value of ideas were only measurable by practical consequences.

Question 34

# Module 7-4 Who were the Central Powers during World War I? ## Footnote Claire Lim

Answer 34

Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire.

Question 35

# Mod 7-1 What were muckrakers? ## Footnote Lane Buchanan

Answer 35

They were journalists who exposed corruption and scandal

Question 36

# Mod 7-3 Who were jingoists? ## Footnote Lane Buchanan

Answer 36

They were Americans who wanted to prove America's military power

Question 37

# Mod 7-5 What was the influenza pandemic? ## Footnote Lane Buchanan

Answer 37

A flu pandemic also known as the "Spanish Flu" after the end of WW1, killing nearly 50 million people

Question 38

Why were Hoovervilles called hoovervilles? 7-7

Answer 38

Hoovervilles, or shanty towns made by those in poverty in big cities out of carton, fabric, and other scraps in big cities during the great depression were called such as a criticism on Herbert Hoover, who people believed wasn't doing enough with his power to help those who were suffering during the depression. As a republican, he believed in laissez-faire government, so he did not employ direct policies because he thought that with time, the country would sort itself out.

Question 39

What were some movements by progressives that were inspired by a call for increased morality and social control especially made by the white middle class? 7-1

Answer 39

Prohibition, ending prostitution, reforming punishments for juvenile delinquents.

Question 40

# * What did progressives believe was the true solution to the economic and social unrest caused by the gilded age? 7-1

Answer 40

Progressives believed that while grassroots efforts could stir popular support for a movement, the only way for true social change to occur was increased government involvement across all sectors.

Question 41

# Liliana Varley What were progressivists views on capitalism and the democratic party system? | 7-1

Answer 41

While progressivists were in support of political reform, they had goals to work within the preexisting system of democracy and capitalism.

Question 42

# Liliana Varley What is the idea of "bully pulpit" and how does it represent Roosevelts views on the presidancy? | 7-2

Answer 42

Theodore Roosevelt believed that the president should use his office as a platform to promote his programs and rally public opinion.

Question 43

# Liliana Varley What major events lead to the dealth of isolationism and therefore is responisible for the United States entering WWII. | 7-4

Answer 43

Both the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 and the Lend Lease Act, reflected an increasingly pro-war sentiment especially in politics. Geman submarine attacks were an additional contributor to the exteniction os isolationism. Arguably the most important contributor to the US joining WWII was the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Question 44

# Rio Chavez What was the Dust Bowl? ## Footnote 7-7

Answer 44

Name for the southern plains of the United States during the Great Depression when the region experionced massive dust storms due to soil erosion caused by poor farming practices and drought.

Question 45

# Rio Chavez What was the Glass-Steagall Act ## Footnote 7-8

Answer 45

Part of FDR's New Deal legislation that allowed solevent banks to reopen and created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Question 46

# Wyatt Bryniarski What was Yellow Journalism? ## Footnote 7-2

Answer 46

It was a style of journalism that strechedd the line between truth and fiction. These jounalists also heated conflicts between the US and the Spanish.

Question 47

# Wyatt Bryniarski How did the Open Door Policy influence America? ## Footnote 7-3

Answer 47

It helped America get connected with major trading routes near China.

Question 48

# Mod 7-9 Who led Germany in WWII? ## Footnote Grace W.B.

Answer 48

Adolf Hitler

Question 49

# Mod 7-3 What was "big-stick diplomacy"? ## Footnote Grace W.B.

Answer 49

Aggressive foreign diplomacy backed by the threat of force. Theodore Roosevelt created this to keep Central America and Caribbean nations in check and prevent European interventions.

Question 50

# Mod 7-10 What was the "Double V"? ## Footnote Grace W.B.

Answer 50

The slogan African Americans used during WWII to state their twin aims to fight for victory over fascism abroad and victory over racism at home.

Question 51

# module 7-1 What amendment was created in response to the womens suffrage movement and granted women the right to vote? ## Footnote Corinne D.

Answer 51

19th amendmet

Question 52

# Module 7-2 What were some results of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire? ## Footnote Corinne D

Answer 52

Other than resulting in the death of many immigrant women working at the company, this fire led to important changes in the workplace safety regulations and labor laws. Examples of this is the installation of fire escapes and sprinkler systems in facories. This also helped enact laws to protect workers rights, such as working conditions and hours.

Question 53

# Marcelo Tohen What maritime technology used by Germany was frowned upon by the world in it's surprise attacking strategy, and caused the sinking of the Luisitania? ## Footnote 7-4

Answer 53

U-boat

Question 54

# Marcelo Tohen What was the Food Administration and what was it's purpose? ## Footnote 7-4

Answer 54

An act led by Herbert Hoover to increase the amount of food for soldiers overseas, it encouraged Americans to bassically eat less food that couldbe used as rations such as wheat based and meat based rations.

Question 55

# Marcelo Tohen What did the term "Lost Generation" refer to? ## Footnote 7-6

Answer 55

It was used to define a generation in the early 1900s pushed to an increase of consumerism.

Question 56

# Module 7-1 What was the significance of the 1908 Muller v. Oregon case? ## Footnote Maaz Aamer

Answer 56

It established a 10 hour workday for women

Question 57

# Module 7-1 What was the significance of the Tuskegee Institute? ## Footnote Maaz Aamer

Answer 57

An institute founded in 1881 by Booker T. Washington for African Americans. They taught job skills and industrious habits.

Question 58

# Module 7-4 What was the Zimmerman telegram and what was its significance? ## Footnote Maaz Aamer

Answer 58

It was a telegram in 1917 in which Germany offered an alliance to Mexico which was intercepted and eventually led to the US joining WWI.

Question 59

# Module 7-9 How did isolationist beliefs affect U.S. foreign policy during the interwar period? Did the United States continue to play an active role in global politics? ## Footnote William Landahl

Answer 59

1. Isolationist sentiment informed the passage of several policies, such as the acts titled the "Neutrality Acts," which limited the potential for American participation in European wars. These acts restricted arms sales to belligerent nations in the event of a war, while also establishing "cash-and-carry" policies that required belligerent nations to pay for non-military purchases in cash and then required them to ship these purchases on their own ships. These isolationist policies severely limited the ability of American companies and the government to engage in European economics and affairs in the event of another European war. 2. The United States did continue to play some semblance of an active role on the world stage. For example, the United States signed off on the Kellogg-Briand Pact in 1928, which essentially outlawed national policies of war. However, the pact was largely ineffective treaty. Beyond this treaty, the United States also officially recognized the Soviet Union and expanded international investment.

Question 60

# Module 7-1 How did the beliefs of women's rights activists vary during the early 1900s? ## Footnote William Landahl

Answer 60

During the early 1900s, some women's rights activists argued that women required special conditions in areas such as labor due to their supposed "physical weakness." For example, many women's rights activists celebrated their victory in the *Muller V. Oregon* case, which allowed for an Oregon law prescribing a ten-hour workday for women. However, other women's rights activists like Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Emma Goldman argued that women deserved equal rights and opportunities with men. For example, Charlotte Perkins Gilman argued that women should work towards economic independence from men in her book titled *Women and Economics.*

Question 61

# 7-3 What was the significance of the Spanish-American War in 1898? ## Footnote Jadon

Answer 61

The Spanish-American War marked the emergence of the United States as a global imperial power, resulting in the acquisition of territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

Question 62

# 7-7 What were the main causes of the Great Depression in the 1930s? ## Footnote Jadon

Answer 62

The Great Depression was caused by factors including overproduction, stock market speculation, bank failures, and a lack of government regulation in the financial sector.

Question 63

# 7-10 What was the impact of World War II on the United States economy and society? ## Footnote Jadon

Answer 63

World War II led to economic mobilization, increased industrial production, and the emergence of the United States as a global superpower. It also brought about significant social changes, including increased opportunities for women in the workforce and the internment of Japanese Americans.

Question 64

# Module 7-2 How did the United States federal government combat economic inequality, a lack of worker's rights, and monopolization under Woodrow Wilson? ## Footnote William Landahl

Answer 64

The federal government combatted growing economic inequality, a lack of worker's rights, and monopolization through a series of different policies during Woodrow Wilson's presidency. For example, the Workmen's Compensation Act provided injury insurance for federal workers, while the Keating-Owen Act outlawed child labor at companies that took part in interstate business. The Underwood Act reduced import taxes for everyday farmers in need of foreign manufactured goods, and the Sixteenth Amendment allowed for a graduated income tax that taxed the rich more heavily than the poor. One cannot forget the Clayton Antitrust Act, which battled anti-competitive methods such as interlocking directorates. Clearly, the government acted upon these economic and labor issues to a fairly high degree under Wilson.

Question 65

How dud Hoovrer fail to limit buisness power and then also how did Roosevelt also fail? ## Footnote Shadwwo LEger

Answer 65

Hoover wasn't active enough and believed that money would trickle down from the top, so investing in powerful buisnesses would help the econimy RECONSTRONCTION finance corperation. Roosevelt let buisnesses National Recovery Act which allowed buisenes to make codes, uut large buisnes ses abused.

Question 66

What was the one where Roosevelt helped New Deal by for the banks? What did he do? ## Footnote Shadow Leger

Answer 66

He shut banks down for a while to ensure safety its called Emergency Banking Act and dthen the Glass Steagall Act split commercial and investment banks and supervised stock market

Question 67

The New Women, Harlem Renecainsse and teh Lost Generation what are theY? ## Footnote SHadow legr

Answer 67

They are more artistic, and more middle classy with amore focus towards consumerism and sxe.e.x. sex.

Question 68

What was one improvement to communications that helped keep the U.S. war efforts secure.

Answer 68

The Navajo Code Talkers

Question 69

What was a cause of the Dust Bowl? What did it lead to?

Answer 69

Improper farming of multiple generations that lead to the Great Depression.

Question 70

What were major causes of the Great Depression?

Answer 70

Stalk Market crashes, unemployment and the New Deal.

Question 71

# 7-5 Why was the Abrams v. United States court case significant? ## Footnote duanduan zheng

Answer 71

it limited free speech by ruling 5 anarchists that were spreading pamplets guilty

Question 72

# 7-9 when did isolationism become popular and what was it? ## Footnote duanduan zheng

Answer 72

isolationism is the belief that the US should stay out of foreign affairs regarding war and alliances, and became popular following the first world war

Question 73

What moral justification did Americans use to support imperialism as seen in the Spanish-American war?

Answer 73

Social Darwinism and white superiority.

Question 74

What organization founded in 1898 opposed imperialism and expansionist views, especially in the Spanish-American war, and held figures such as Andrew Carnegie and Jane Adams?

Answer 74

The Anti-imperialist League

Question 75

One of the final pushes to get the US into world war one involved Germany offering an alliance with Mexico, in return Mexico would get territories lost to the US

Answer 75

The Zimmermann Telegram, 1917. Was widely published to the public. Amelia

Question 76

What policy was Roosevelt known for that involved pleasing all parties and negotiating with everyone in mind?

Answer 76

Square Deal, Roosevelt took a very different approach to dealing with industrialists and used the Square Deal idea to please both government and companies.

Question 77

This board was set up by wilson in 1918, it settled laboring issues

Answer 77

National War Labor Board (NWLB), had representatives from unions, corporations and the public Amelia

Question 78

What were muckrakers and name one major muckraker?

Answer 78

Journalists who investigated and mainly exposed corruption, scandal, vice, supported progressivists. Ida Tarbell- famous for expose on Rockefeller Amelia

Question 79

# 7-6 What was the National Origins Act? ## Footnote Zoe Munson

Answer 79

act that established immigration quotas by national origin. Intented to limit immigration from southern and eastern Europe as well as to halt all immigration from east Asia.

Question 80

# 7-8 What was the Emergency Banking Act ## Footnote Zoe Munson

Answer 80

New Deal order to shut down banks for several days to calm widespread panic during the Great Depression.

Question 81

# 7-9 What was the America First Committee ## Footnote Zoe Munson

Answer 81

An isolationist organization that was made by senator Gerald Nye to keep the US out of WWII.

Question 82

# 7-1 What was the Mann Act? ## Footnote Caden

Answer 82

Banned the transportation of women across state lines from immoral purposes.

Question 83

# 7-4 What two things caused the U.S. to get involved in WWI? ## Footnote Caden

Answer 83

The sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman Telegram

Question 84

# 7-11 What strategy was used by the U.S. to avoid heavily fortified Japanese islands and capture smaller islands? ## Footnote Caden

Answer 84

Island-hopping

Question 85

What factors challenged US isolationism in WWII ## Footnote Jaycee Sanchez

Answer 85

-Surrender of France/invasion by Germany - The Battle of Britain - Finally the attack on Pearl Harbour

Question 86

What factors challenged US neutrality in WWI ## Footnote Jaycee Sanchez

Answer 86

Attack on Lusitania The Zimmerman Telegram

Question 87

What were the justifications for Imperialism? ## Footnote Jaycee Sanchez

Answer 87

Social darwinism and that the “Anglo-saxon” was superior That these countries weren’t civilized enough to govern themselves (this led to the Platt Amendment)

Question 88

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

Answer 88

The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural, social, and artistic movement that emerged primarily in Harlem, New York City. It is considered one of the most important and influential cultural movements in African American history.

Question 89

what are the events that led to the great depression?

Answer 89

the stock market crash(black tuesday), Dust bowl, overproduction.

Question 90

In WW2 how did the term Island Hoping affect the war.

Answer 90

Island Hoping was used by the U.S. to avoid heavily populated Japanese islands and capture smaller islands.

Question 92

What ended WWII? ## Footnote Leo Griscom

Answer 92

The US' bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Question 93

How many Jewish people were killed in the Holocaust? ## Footnote Leo Griscom

Answer 93

Over 6,000,000.

Question 94

Why was the Zimmerman Telegram enough to lead the US to join the war? ## Footnote Leo Griscom

Answer 94

Germany was encouraging and helping Spain to take back their land lost to the US in the Spanish-American war, which prompted US entry into WW1

Question 95

When was the Spanish-American war?

Answer 95

1898