Period 5 (1844–1877) Flashcards
Module 5.4
Why was Lincoln hesitant to make the Emancipation Proclamation?
Ian Marin
Because he was afraid that doing so would send the border states, who had slavery, into joining the Confederate cause.
Module 5.6
Why did women fighting for suffrage split into two groups?
Ian Marin
Because figures like Elizabeth Cady Stanton were upset that black men were given the right to vote with the 15th amendment, so they started opposing black rights. This led to the formation of the National Woman Suffrage Association, which opposed the 15th amendment, and the American Woman Suffrage Association, which supported it.
Module 5.8
Why did northerners lose interest in protecting black rights?
Ian Marin
Because they believed they had done more than enough and didn’t want completely equal rights for all. Things such as the Panic of 1873 shifted their focus to the economy.
module 5-1
Who was James Polk?
Wyatt Bryniarski
He was the president signed in office on 1844 and he annexed Texas.
He also innitiated the start of the Mexican-American war.
5.6
What was the name of the system which was basically virtual slavery and what did it do?
Phillip Skarbek
Sharecropping, dominant mode of agricultural production in the South in which many poor black people worked a landowners farm in exchange for a small portion of the harvest (bad conditions/treatment).
5-2
What was the free soil party?
Wyatt Bryniarski
Free soilers believed that newly gained land west of the US should be “free soil” for any plantations and farmers without the addition of slavery.
5-3
What was Popular Sovereignty?
Wyatt Bryniarski
It was the belief that each terrritory should deside the slavery question for themselves.
Why did Southern states secede?
Noelle Peralta
Southern states like South Carolina seceded from the country in order to protect their desire to keep the institution of slavery.
Why did Reconstruction efforts fail?
Noelle Peralta
While the North proposed many ways to control the South, with virtual slavery like sharecropping, the rise of white supremacist groups like the K.K.K., and the Compromise of 1877, the Reconstruction era came to an end.
What is the significance of the Dred Scott case of 1857?
Noelle Peralta
The Dred Scott case declared that enslaved persons had no rights, and were therefore not citizens; as well, it recalled the Missouri Compromise.
5.6
What was one act/event that further limited the rights of black people during Reconstruction, and what did it do?
Phillip Skarbek
The US vs. Cruikshank court case narrowed the 14th amendment so that black people were protected publically, but not privately (KKK)
Revoking Civil Rights Act of 1875 which origionally gave black people full and equal treatment.
What was the battle of Antietam
Rio Chavez
The bloodiest day in US military history which gave Abraham Lincoln his first major victory in the civil war before announcing the emancipation proclamation.
What was Bleeding Kansas
Rio Chavez
A period of violence in the mid 1850s over conflicts and division about slavery within Kansas
5-7
What was the system where a farmer (usually freedmen and poor whites) were lent tools and supplies in exchange for a percentage of their eventual harvest?
Jadon
Sharecropping
5-7
Who were the KKK?
Jadon
They were a group that was created to terrorize black folks and people who voted republican. ( domestic terrorists )
5-7
What did the Force Acts do?
Jadon
They gave the president power to send officials to oversee elections and voting in the south.
What is Nativism?
Ethan Xia
Anti-immigrant beliefs and practices due to a belief in protecting the interests of native-born citizens first.
What was the significance of Fort Sumter?
Ethan Xia
The Civil War was started because the Confederacy attacked Union troops there.
What was the Fugitive Slave Act, and why was it controversial?
Ethan Xia
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 required all citizens of the US to aid in the capture of escaped enslaved persons. This caused controversy because Northerns thought the government had gone too far in protecting pro-slavery interests, and they didn’t want to support this act.
Module 5-1
What were fourty-niners seeking and what event are they tied to?
Alexis Limary
Fourty-Niners are people, who in the California Gold Rush, competed and raced for riches in California after the discovery of gold in 1848.
Module 5-8
Why was the compromise of 1877 significant and who was it between?
Alexis Limary
- Compromise between southern democrats and republicans
- Led to the presidential election of Rutherford B. Hayes
- In exchange for the southern democarats support of his Presidency, Hayes had to appoint a southerner to his cabinet, endorse construction of a railroad through the South, and withdraw federal troops from the South.
Module 5-2
What did northerners view as “a dirty plot” to gain more slave territory pre-civil war?
Alexis Limary
The Ostened Manifesto
-Letter from U.S. ambassadors and the secretary of state to President Franklin Pierce urging him to conquer Cuba
-Northerners forced Pierce to give up plans to conquer Cuba
What was the Significance of the Ostend Manifesto (1854)?
Rosa D
The Ostend Manifesto was a letter from William Marcy to President Pierce in which Marcy told pierce to expand into and invade Cuba with expeditions known as filibusters. It was seen in the north as a dirty plot to gain more slave territory, and therefore increased sectionalist divides in the US and abolitionist sentiment in the north.
What form of media was very influential in spreading abolitionist ides in the north?
Rosa D
Literature such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and newspapers like The North Star and The Liberator spread abolition around the north as these books and newspapers are widely produced and sold.
Modules 5-1 and 5-2
What was the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo? How did it affect sectional tensions?
William Landahl
- After the United States won the Mexican-American War, the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo was signed, officially ceding much of the modern American Southwest (including regions such as California and the New Mexico Territory) to the United States in exchange for a payment of 15 million dollars to Mexico.
- The acquisition of new western territory intensified sectional tensions by intensifying debates over slavery. Pro-slavery Southerners wanted to expand slavery to new western territories to expand their power and the very institution of slavery. By contrast, Northerners largely wanted to keep slavery out of the American West to preserve their power and to maintain the West as a haven for white farmers to establish small farms. Thus, predominately Southern pro-slavery and predominately Northern anti-slavery politicians clashed over the expansion of slavery, inflaming sectional tensions.
Module 5-3
How did the election of Abraham Lincoln affect sectional tensions in the United States?
William Landahl
Abraham Lincoln’s election in 1860 ultimately inflamed sectional tensions over slavery to the point of all-out civil war. Lincoln’s election was seen as “unacceptable” to pro-slavery Southerners, who viewed the election of a president hostile to the expansion of slavery as a disgrace. Southerners were paricularly furious that Lincoln did not win a single electoral vote in the South and yet still won the presidency. Their outrage over Lincoln’s election ultimately inflamed sectional tensions over slavery enough to lead much of the pro-slavery South to secede and form the Confederate States of America.
Module 5-6
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau? How did it affect the lives of African-Americans in the South?
William Landahl
The Freedmen’s Bureau was an institution established at the tail end of the Civil War meant to aid newly emancipated African-Americans in their new lives. It changed the lives of newly freed African-Americans by providing them with educational and economic opportunities that were not previously avaliable to them. For example, the Freedman’s Bureau established a network of schools to teach emancipated African-Americans to read and write (teaching literacy was almost always forbidden by slaveowners). The Freedmen’s Bureau also distributed large swaths of land among freedmen, providing them with the chance to establish their own livelihoods on their own land.
Module 5-3
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Claire Lim
An 1854 act that created the Kansas and Nebraska territories out of American Indian land. The act let popular sovereignty of each state decide the issue of slavery.
Module 5-3
What was one major effect of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Claire Lim
“Bleeding Kansas”
Module 5-5
What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg?
Claire Lim
It was the turning point for the Union because it forced Confederate soldiers to begin a slow retreat for supplies.
Module 5-6
Which amendment provided citizenship rights for preciously enslaved people?
Ben Volk
The Fourteenth Amendment
Module 5-7
Which group of people were known as exodusters?
Ben Volk
African Americans who migrated north to Kansas after the Civil War
Mod 5-8
Why did Democrats change to support Hayes in the Election of 1876?
Monica Dominguez
They supported Hayes under the conditions that a southern Democrat would be appointed to the cabinet, that troops would be withdrawn from the South, and that a transcontinental railroad would go through the South. This was called the Compromise of 1877.
Module 5-2
What was the Underground Railroad?
Lane Buchanan
It was a series of routes from Southern plantation areas to free Northern States
Mod 5-2
What did abolitionists do in response to the Fugitive Slave Acts of 1850?
Monica Dominguez
The Fugitive Slave Act angered many because it took away legal rights from enslaved people and forced individuals to return runaways. Many abolitionists aided the efforts of the underground railroad, bought the freedom of slaves, and protested against the acts. Abolitionists hid fugitives and used the law to fight bills.
Module 5-3
Who was the president of the Confederate States of America?
Lane Buchanan
Jefferson Davis was elected president of the Confederate States of America
5-7
What did the government do in response to terrorist groups like the KKK?
Monica Dominguez
Congress passed the Force Acts which allowed the president to assign officials to prevent voting interference, to prevent secret organizations from violating equal legal protection, and a committee investigated the KKK and took many members to trial (only 600/3,000 prosecuted were convicted)
5-7
Who were the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and why were they an issue?
Led by General Nathan Bedford Forrest they were a group that would anonymously terrorize African Americans. They were an issue because of how many they terrorized.
M5-3
What occurred during the Pottawatomie Massacre?
Jessica Zhao
5 proslavery Southerners kidnapped and killed by John Brown and 2 of his friends along the Pottawatomie Creek
(part of Bleeding Kansas)
M5-4
How did women contribute to the Civil War?
Jessica Zhao
- military nurses
- gather information for leaders
- couriers, carrying messages
- disguise as men to fight as soldiers
- established US Sanitary Commission
- volunteer funds
M5-5
What is the concept of “total war”?
Jessica Zhao
- war strategy
- soldiers not only attack military targets, BUT ALSO destroy crops and property
- used to undermine Confederate morale and supply chains
