Period 2 (1607–1754) Flashcards
Mod 2-7
What was the Stono Rebellion?
Parker C.
A slave revolt in 1739 in South Carolina. They stole weapons and killed their owners.
Mod 2-2
What was the House of Burgesses?
Parker C.
A local governing body of Virginia given by the English crown. The members could officially make laws and levy taxes. They were the first representative body in the colonies.
Module 2-9
Who was George Whitefield?
Jadonian
- Angelican Minister
- New Light Clergyman
- Central figure of Great awakening
Module 2-8
What was the 7-Years War? (aka the French & Indian War?)
Jadonian
- French vs. British and American Indian
- Changed power balance in North America
- Set the stage for a fight between British colonies and British Crown
Module 2-6
What is Mercantilism
Jadonian
- Its an economic system
- Maintiained a balance of trade between home country and colony/ colonies
- More gold and silver flowing into home country than colonies
Module 2-3
Who was John Winthrop and what was his importance?
Ian Marin
John Winthrop was a Puritan in the 16th and 17th centuries who was also a lawyer. He famously published his city on a hill document because he wanted Puritan society to be the perfect example for society in general.
Module 2-5
Who was William Penn and what was his importance?
Ian Marin
William Penn was a Quaker who purchased Pennsylvania to create a very religiously tolerant colony or safe haven for other Quakers. This led to very good relations with the natives in the area.
Module 2-1
What was the long-term effect of the
Pueblo Revolt on Spanish colonization?
Ben Volk
It weakened the Spanish so much that they
were unsuccessful at all attempts at colonizing north of New Mexico
Module 2-2
What was the significance of the
House of Burgesses?
Ben Volk
It was the first instance of a partially
democratic system of government in the
colonies
Module 2-2
What was the Headright System?
Ethan Xia
A system created in Virginia in 1618 that rewarded people who brought laborers/indentured servants to Virginia with fifty acres of land for each laborer.
2-4
What are subsistence farmers?
Ethan Xia
Farmers who grow crops for their own needs rather than for profit.
What’s chattel slavery?
Jaycee Sanchez
African American slaves were seen and treated as less than human, “chattel”
Who was the puritan leader?
Jaycee Sanchez
John Winthrop
Mod 2-1
What was France’s motive for colonization?
Noelle Peralta
The French motivation for colonization was to establish trade, specifically for fur and fish.
Mod 2-9
What is the difference between the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening?
Noelle Peralta
The Enlightenment was a European cultural movement promoting the importance of science and rational thinking, whereas the Great Awakening emphasized the reintroduction of religion into the lives of the colonists.
Mod 2-2
Who led a rebellion against the governement of the virginia colony because of their governments unwilliingness to defend their farmers from native attacks?
Riley Stanford
Nathaniel Bacon
2-3
Who was the puritan leader who envisioned a “City Upon a Hill”?
Riley Stanford
John Winthrop
2-9
How does the Great Awakening affect the connection of England and its North American colonies?
Marcelo Tohen
Traveling priests such as George Whitefield went around convincing people of joining the New Light Clergy. The New Light Clergy had ideas of religion different from traditional practices of the England Church.
Mod 2-3
What was one major impact of the English Civil War (1642-1651)?
Phillip
Major population increase due to the increase in migration and little oversight of the colonies from England because their hands were full with the wars back home.
What was one short thing that differed about French colonization, Spanish colonization, and British colonization?
Phillip
Spanish were more focused on conquest and religion (gold also), French focused mainly on trade (fur trade+fish), and the British focused on religious freedom, colonization and establishments (Jamestown for trade $$$).
Module 2-2
What movement caused a surge of English moving to the Americas?
Grace Wesevich
Enclosure Movement
module 2-2
what was indentured servitude?
Corinne Draucp
Early migrants to the english colonies in the United States were contracted servants in exchange for passage to north america.
2-1
Why were indentured servants so important for the development of England and it’s colonies.
Rio Chavez
Not enough workers were available for the amount of land needed to be worked. Indentured servants allowed for more cash crops to be harvested for trade and profit.
Module 2-9
What were the differences between the New Light Clergy and the Old Light Clergy?
Alexis Limary
New Light Clergy: Colonial clergy and leaders in the Great Awakening that worked to reenergize the faithful, calling for religious revivals and emphasizing the emotional aspects of spiritual commitment. (George Whitefield)
Old Light Clergy: Supported the religious status quo and were colonial clergy from established churches.
What is the difference between covert vs. overt slave rebellion?
Rosa Duvall
- Covert - slaves secretly maintained their African culture, broke tools, and refused to work and bare children.
- Overt - outwardly rebelling, for example, the Stono Rebellion. Slaves robbed a country store for weapons, killed the owners, and marched up the Stono River, burning plantations, killing white people, and growing in number, until they were defeated by English Militia.
What were the effects of Bacon’s rebellion on english colonial society?
Rosa Duvall
- Long lasting bitter relations with native Americans on the colonial frontier.
- Wealthy upper class notice the camaraderie between the black slaves and white lower class, and begin to work to stamp it out by giving poor white people more resources and rights, while simultaneously enforcing harsher slave codes on black people.
Module 2-6
What was the consumer revolution and why was it important?
Alexis Limary
The consumer revolution was a process in which the status in the colonies became more closely linked to a financial status and refined lifestyle rather than birth and family pedigree. It increased global trade and was spurred by industrialization.
Module 2-5
How did William Penn’s religious tolerance shape Pennsylvania and the makeup of the peoples living there?
William Landahl
William Penn’s religiously tolerant attitudes led diverse religious and ethnic groups to flock to Pennsylvania, including both the Quakers (one of whom was Penn) and other groups, such as Scots-Irish and German immigrants.
2.6
What were the Navigation Acts?
Marcelo Tohen
Laws that required English ships to trade only within English colonies. Popular resources such as tobacco indigo and sugar if being traded with other nations had to be shipped through England.
Module 2-3 and 2-5
What were differences between the Quakers and the Puritans?
Carlos Gutierrez
Even though the Quakers and the Puritans both journied to the colonies to flee religious persecution in England, their main difference was in their toleration of other people. Pennisylvania was founded a religious haven for the Quakers and other Christians. William Penn, the leader of Pennsylvania also established fair relations with Natives. Meanwhile, the Puritans heavily followed John Calvin and his ideal of predestination which posited that only certain people were worthy of salvation. This was the main factor in their religious persecution of appearent witches and anyone who didn’t align with their ideals. The Puritans also justified their conflicts against the Natives using this belief, claiming that they were inherently damned.
Module 2-4
How did cash crops shape South Carolina’s population?
William Landahl
The need for labor on plantations producing cash crops like rice led plantation owners to look to Africa for enslaved labor. This ultimately led to a population that was majority enslaved African laborers.
Module 2-2
What major rebellion occured in Virginia in the later half of the 17th century?
Blaise S
Bacon’s rebellion, an uprising of all social classes, including indentured servants and black slaves
2-1
What was the ultimate cause of the Pueblo revolt in 1680?
Caden Ross
The uprising occurred because of mistreatment toward the Pueblo people and the suppression of Pueblo culture and religion.
2-7
What laws were introduced to keep Enslaved Africans under control of scared settlers?
Caden Ross
The Slave Laws
Module 2-4
What major crop did South Carolina produce, and what was its purpose?
Blaise S
They produced rice to feed the black slaves in the British West Indies
Module 2-9
What was the significance of the Enlightenment in the colonies?
Carlos Gutierrez
The Enlightment was significant for paving the way for the American colonists to revolt against the British. The main belief of the Enlightment was the emphasis of reason over superstition. Enlightment philosophers posited important ideas such as natural rights, freedom of speech, general will, government for the people by the people and the seperation of powers. These were all ideals that would shape and promote resistance against the British government.
Module 2-1
Why did the Puebloans accept Spanish rule after the Acoma Massacre?
Monica Dominguez
They feared the strong Spanish military, they had been weakened by disease, drought, and raids by Apache and Navajo tribes, and they hoped for protection from the Spaniards. Life did not improve and tensions worsened.
How were the French colonies different from most other European colonies?
Lane Buchanan
Few French people settled in America. Most kept friendly relations with natives in order to trade fish and fur.
What is Nathaniel Bacon known for?
Lane Buchanan
Bacon started a rebellion against govenor Berkely due to his refusal to intervene in conflicts between Indians and settlers.
Who was responisble for the creation of “City Upon a Hill”?
Maaz Aamer
John Winthrop
2-5
What was Leisler’s Rebellion?
Monica Dominguez
Leisler’s Rebellion was a class revolt led by Jacob Leisler. They fought against centralized rule and taxation. They overthrew those appointed to government positions and Leisler took power, siding with those in the lower and middle classes. The representatives of the crown arrived and put Leisler on trial and executed him. His legacy surrounding class lived on. (New York)
2-2
Why was Nathaniel Bacon angered at Governer Berkley, and what did this drive him to do?
Shadow
Nathaniel Bacon was angered that Berkley didn’t send troops over to help fight the Powhatan Confederacy. After multiple attacks on towns at the edge of the frontier, Bacon gathered other angry farmers and declared war, fighting the Powhatans. This started to pave the way for other dissobaying of neglegtful athourity.
rebelled to defend towns
2-8
What was a main point of religion in Plymoth? Why was Roger Williams kicked out of Plymouth? What did he do afterwards?
Shadow
In Plymoth, religion was ‘allowed’ as long it was Christianity. Roger Williams was kicked out due to his more radical beliefs. This led him to found Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, allowing true religious freedom.
too radical and made rhode island
Module 2-3
What was the patriarchal family?
Duanduan
The patriarchal family was a model of a family where the father has complete authority over his wife, children, and servents. This was common in Puritan societies.
Module 2-7
What was the Middle Passage?
Duanduan
The Middle Passage was the deadly journey across the Atlantic ocean that enslaved Africans had to take to arrive in the Americas.
Module 2-3
Who was Anne Hutchinson?
Claire Lim
A Puritan reformer who was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. She was one of the founders of Rhode Island.
Module 2-5
What were the main Middle Colonies?
Claire Lim
Maryland, New Amsterdam (New York), Philadelphia
2-8
Why was Roger Williams exilled from the Puritans?
Wyatt Bryniarski
Roger Williams beliefs about religion were considered to radical by the Puritans.
2-7
How did the Middle Passage effect the colonies?
Wyatt Bryniarski
The Middle Passage provided the colonies with free labor due to the enslaved africans being considered property. This allowed the farmers to make more profit for less.
Module 2-9
What two religious groups fought for power during the Great Awakening
Valerie Meza
New light Clergy and Old light Clergy
Module 2-1
How was the relationship of french settlers and Native Americans different from Native Americans and Spanish relationship
Valerie Meza
The relationship of french settlers and native americans was beneficial to both parties as native americans gained guns, pots, pans from French settlers while French settlers gained alot from their fur trade. Unlike the french, Spanish coonizers enslaved Native americans through the encomendero system.
Module 2-4
What were cash crops?
Zoë Munson
Cash crops were crops that could be grown in very big quantities and then sold for a profit
Module 2-2
What was chattel slavery?
Zoë Munson
chattel slavery was a form of slavery where people were basically considered property and were able to be bought and sold and worked almost like cattle (where the term comes from)
Module 2-2
Who was John Rolfe?
Grace Wascoe Bauman
John Rolfe was an Englishman who started planting tobacco in 1612.
Module 2-2
Who was Cecilius Calvert?
Grace Wascoe Bauman
Cecilius Calvert was an Englishman who was assigned to govern Maryland in 1612. He convinced the Maryland assembly to pass the Act of Religious Toleration in 1649
Module 2-5
Who founded Pennsylvania as a religious haven for the Quakers after King Charles II granted them the lands?
Ana Edwards
William Penn
Module 2-5
What colony did William Penn found?
Leo Griscom
Pennsylvania
Modules 2-2 and 2-7
How was the motivation behind Bacon’s Rebellion different than that of the Stono Rebellion?
Leo Griscom
Bacon’s Rebellion was driven by settlers’ grievances against colonial and Native American relations, whereas the Stono Rebellion was a slave uprising.
Why was George Whitefield so successful, and able to attract such large crowds?
Amelia B.
He was a traveling preacher was with the New Light Clergy which equalized rich and poor in gods eyes so many poor commoners were supporters.
What was the First Great Awakening?
A religious revival of the English Colonies in the 1730s and 1740s. It had to do with where and how Christians could practice their religion.
The “opening” date of Period 2 (1607) is associated with…
The founding of Jamestown (a colony/settlement in Virginia, one of the Chesapeake colonies)
The “closing” date of Period 2 (1754) is associated with…
The beginning of the French & Indian War
