Period 3 (1754–1800) Flashcards
Mod 3-6
The main figure associated with the Federalists was…
Ms. Matton
Alexander Hamilton
Mod 3-6
The main figure associated wtih the Anti-Federalists was…
Ms. Matton
Thomas Jefferson
Mod 3-3
Which political pamphlet was known for inciting increased support for revolution amongst the colonists, condemning King George III for his lack of leadership?
Ms. Matton
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Module 3-7
What state was the one one to use its constitution to abolish slavery?
Parker C
Vermont
Module 3-7
Why did veteran farmers struggle in the post - war economy?
Parker C
Because they never received compensation for their time served.
Module 3-4
Who was Deborah Sampson and how did she contribute to the Revolution?
Edward Sanchez
She was an ex-indentured servant who disguised herself as a man to fight in the continental army.
Module 3-5
What was the first US document with plans for national gov.?
Edward Sanchez
Articles of Confederation
Module 3-4
Which battle led to the surrendering of the British?
Edward Sanchez
Battle of Yorktown
Module 3-4
Why did the Continental Army struggle so much in the beginning of the war?
Ian Marin
Because many of the soldiers were poorly trained, and many deserted because they believed New Yorkers should defend their own city; Washington wanted to do so for the New Yorkers.
Module 3-4
Why did France ally with America?
Lane Buchanan
France had a long rivalry with Britain. America also agreed to defend French territories in the Caribbean.
Module 3-5
What were the Northwest Ordinances?
Ian Marin
The Northwest Ordinances split up the Northwest Territory into states and gave conditions for statehood in the U.S. States above the Northwest Ordinances abolished slavery.
Module 3-6
Which states did the electoral college favor?
Leo Griscom
It favored smaller states, as each state, regardless of population, had equal power in the electoral college.
Module 3-8
What four departments did Persident George Washington establish?
Claire Lim
State, war, treasury, and justice.
Module 3-8
How did Hamilton play a major role in establishing a new government?
Claire Lim
He formed the Bank of the United States, which established the nation’s credit, and rasied revenue for the nation.
Module 3-5
Why did conflicts happen with Natives after the Revolution?
Ian Marin
Because the farmers wanted to expand onto their land, which they fought for, but Natives were occupying that area, so conflicts ensued.
Module 3-6
what were the federalist papers
Rio Chavez
85 essays written by federalists Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, published in newspapers throughout the US to help promote the ratification of the Constitution
Module 3-5
Why was the Second Treaty of Paris significant?
Lane Buchanan
The U.S. and Britain formally ended the American Revolution by signing this treaty.
Module 3-7
What were the Tammany societies, which promoted patriotism and republicanism in the late eighteenth century named after?
Ana Edwards
A Delaware Chief called Tammend
Module 3-7
Why did Americans push for the founding of new colleges based on republican ideals?
Ana Edwards
After independence, many Americans worried that these institutions were tainted by British and aristocratic influences
Module 3-7
What forced many Americans to negotiate the inequalities at home?
Ana Edwards
Declaration of Independence
Module 3-6
What was the Constitutional Convention
Rio Chavez
A meeting in Pennslyvania to draft the constitution for the United States. It established the foundation of United states government by creating executive, legislative, and judgicial branches.
Module 3-7
As the U.S.’s borders expanded how did white Americans find ways to incorporate and “civilize” American Indians?
Alexis Limary
- Several denominators sent missionaries, ministers, and teachers to educate the Seneca, Cherokee, and other tribes
- A few American Indian students went to American colleges to be trained as ministers and teachers to teach their own people
Module 3-7
What was republican motherhood and who was it proposed by?
Alexis Limary
- Supported women’s education so that they could instruct their sons in principles of republican government
- 1787 Benjamin Rush (“Essay on Female Education”)
Module 3-7
How did slavery laws change in the southern states?
Alexis Limary
- Several states prohibited importation of enslaved people from Africa
- Few slave holders emancipated slaves after the war or in their will
- Southern legislators made it difficult for slaveholders to free enslaved people and for free blacks to remain in the region
Module 3-1
Who are some examples of Native American groups that side with the French during the French and Indian War?
Noelle Peralta
Some examples were the Delaware, Huron, Miami, or Shawnee.
Module 3-1
How did the British gain soldiers to fight their wars?
Noelle Peralta
Colonial men were forced to fight for Britain via impressment. Here, they faced brutal conditions with malnourishment and disease.
Module 3-1
3.1
Who fought in the Seven years war?
Noelle Peralta
The Seven Years War between Great Britain and the French, but also included the natives.
Mod 3-2
How were americans represented in British Parliament?
Valerie Meza
Through virtual representation. This meant that Britain’s claimed direct representation of colonists was unnecessary because Britain’s were already representing them
Module 3-2
What group was established in Massachusetts to spread concerns and reports to colonist leaders?
Valerie Meza
Committee of correspondence
Module 3-3
What act extended the boundaries of quebec into ohio?
Valerie Meza
The quebec act-1774:extended extended quebec into areas of the Ohio river valley that american colonists wanted to settle in
3.5
What did John Jay do?
phillip skarbek
Jay’s Treaty which eventually calmed British disputes, helped write federalist papers and constitution
3.4
What was the US’s response to the french revolution? what proclamation?
phillip skarbek
Neutrality Proclamation (1793)
Remained uninvolved
Mod 3-3
Who were the loyalists?
Grace W.B.
Colonial supporters of the British during the American Revolution.
Mod 3-2
What was the Stamp Act and how did colonists react to it?
Grace W.B.
1765 act of Parliament that imposed a duty on all transactions involving paper items. The Stamp Act prompted widespread, coordinated, protests and was eventually repealed.
Mod 3-5
What is Shays’s Rebellion?
Grace W.B.
1786 rebellion by western Massachusetts farmers caused primarily by economic hardships in the aftermath of the American Revolution.
Module 3-5
What were the Articles of Confederation?
Ethan Xia
A plan for the US government proposed by the Continental Congress that was ratified in 1781. It limited the power of the national government to avoid tyranny.
Mod 3-2
Which acts were commonly called the Intolerable Acts?
Ben Volk
The Coercive Acts
Mod 3-3
Why was the Battle of Bunker Hill important?
Ben Volk
It allowed the British to maintain control of Boston although they suffered twice as many losses as the patriots
Mod 3-3
Which American Indian group supported the British in the War?
Ben Volk
The Mohawk
Module 3-2
What was the name of the British colonial policy that relaxed supervision on colonial affairs?
Jadon Olson
Salutary Neglect
Module 3-2
What was the significance of the Boston Tea Party?
Jadon Olson
It was significant because it showed that American colonists were willing to unite against Britain and their oppressive policies
Module 3-2
What act stated that British troops would be stationed in the colonies to carry out imperial policies?
Jadon Olson
The Quartering Act
What was the name of the group involved in the Boston Tea Party?
the Sons of Liberty
What did Dunmore’s proclamation state?
All slaves who joined the British army were granted their freedom.
Mod 3-6
What was the Virginia Plan
Riley Stanford
A plan presented at the contintental congress where each state had representative in the legislature base on population.
Mod 3-4
What is the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?
Jessica Zhao
It’s the battle that persuaded the French to aid the patriots in the Revolution, giving the colonies a greater chance at victory and independence.
Mod 3-6
What were the anti-federalists’ main argument against the ratification of the new constitution?
Jessica Zhao
The new constitution did not contain a Bill of Rights and therefore did not ensure protection of the people’s natural rights
Mod 3-7
Why did education become more available for women during the 1790s?
Grace Wesevich
Republican Motherhood
Mod 3-7
Why were so many enslaved people fighting on the British side of the revolution?
Grace Wesevich
Dunmores Proclamation
Mod 3-7
What were some reasons that boosted education in the colonies
Grace Wesevich
New colleges, enlightenment perspectives, republican motherhood, and new plans for public education.
Mod 3-4
How did women contribute to the revolution?
Lane Buchanan
Women supported their families on farms and planted food while men were out fighting. Others raided stores and warehouses for supplies.
3-7
What was the first state that instututed free education for a children?
Corinne Dracup
Massachusetts
3-7
What is one thing that contributed to war veterans’ struggle to reestablish/ establish their business and pay off debts after the war?
Corinne Dracup
They had to wait 20 + years to receive compensation for fighting in the revolution
3-7
Why did some states increase its hard-money laws requiring payment in gold/silver?
Corinne Dracup
To repay the war debts.
What were the steps in George Grenville’s three-pronged plan?
Rosa D
- Stricter enforcement of existing laws like the Navigation Acts.
- Extending wartime laws like the Quartering Acts into peacetime. This kept redcoats stationed in the US.
- Establishing new laws to raise funds to pay back British war debt like the Sugar Act and the Currency act. These serves to reestablish British power over the colonies.
How/why did women protest the intolerable. acts?
Rosa D
Women were expected to make all food an clothing purchases for their families and with the new acts raising taxes. they couldn’t afford all that they needed. Because of this women boycotted. buying taxed goods, and began to grow their own food and make their own fabric.
3-1
How did the Proclamation Line of 1763 affect colonists and Natives?
Monica D
Farmers and poorer colonists were unable to settle west and were frustrated that they could not benefit from their part in the war. Wealthier colonists were still able to purchase land west of the Appalachians, treating the Proclamation as more of a suggestion. Native and colonial conflicts increased.
What act was enacted after the Boston Tea Party and why?
Rosa D
The coercive acts were enacted after the Boston Tea Party as a way to force patriots to pay. parliment and the. East India Company back for the goods they lost.
3-1
What was the aim of the Albany Plan of Union?
Monica D
The Albany Plan of Union, created by Benjamin Franklin, aimed to resolve issues on frontier defense, trade, and territorial expansion that both Natives and colonists could agree on, and to improve relations between the two.
Note: The plan never went through.
3-1
How did the Peace of Paris affect territory distribution?
Monica D
Spain gave Great Britain Florida in exchange for control of the Cuban and Philippine colonies. France lost all North American territory, but gave Spain Louisiana and their land west of the Mississippi River.
3-1
How did French alliances unintentionally create problems for the Americans?
duanduan
As France sent more troops to America, less Americans volunteered for the army.
3-4
What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?
duanduan
The Battle of Saratoga was a critical part of the Revolutionary War in Saratoga, New York. It increased the chances of France assisting the Patriots and gave hope to the Americans, especially Washington’s troops at Valley Forge.
3-4
How did women contribute to the Revolution?
duanduan
Women provided for the colonies and their families by farming and sending troops supplies. Some women served as spies for Continental or British forces, and others, like Margaret Corbin and Deborah Sampson, fought in the front lines.
What did Hamilton and Madison have in common?
Leo Griscom
They both worked on the federalist papers, and both supported a strong central government.
Module 3-X
Where did the ending of the war leave British troups and what did this lead to post revolution?
Shadow Leger
In America, and this led to many conflicts on the frontier by Native Americans, bribed Native Americans, and the British.
Module 3-X
Which important founding father / Continental Congress reprasentative convinced a European country to help with the Revolution and which European country was it?
Shadow Leger
Ben Franklin was the founding father who convinced France to aid in the American Revolution.
Module 3-1
What was the intention of the “Albany Plan of Union?” Was it adopted? Which key Founding Father proposed it?
William Landahl
- The Albany Plan of Union was intended to create an intercolonial government that could create policies regarding issues that affected all of them, such as territorial expansion and Native American relations.
- The Albany Plan of Union was not adopted.
- Benjamin Franklin, a thinker and newspaper editor from Pennsylvania, proposed the Albany Plan of Union
Module 3-1
Why did the French initally have the upper hand against the British during the French and Indian War in North America?
William Landahl
The French, whose style of North American colonialism prioritized trade and Native American relations, were able to initally gain momentum due to alliances with powerful Native American groups like the Huron. Alliances with these plentiful and powerful groups gave them a major advantage in their fight against the British.
Module 3-1
What was George Washington’s role in the Seven Years’ War, and why was it so important? How is this role significant to broader American history?
William Landahl
- Amidst increasing tensions between the British and French in the Ohio River Valley, Washington, a colonial military officer, was sent to warn the French off with the aid of militiamen. The French and Washington’s army soon found themselves fighting, sparking the worldwide Seven Years’ War.
- Washington’s role as a rising military officer during this period is important because it connects to the American Revolution, arguably one of the most important events in American history. Washington’s military career was accelerated by the Seven Years’ War, and his role as a key military figure continued to be significant up until the American Revolution itself, when he was the general of the Continental Army.
3-8
Who made up the primary workforce that built the Capital?
Maaz Aamer
300,000 enslaved workers were hired to build the Capital
3-9
How did the Whiskey Rebellion compare to previous rebellions?
Maaz Aamer
It was a protest against a tax similar to the Stamp Act Protests and it used similar tactics in comparison to Shay’s rebellion
3-3
Why was the Battle of Saratoga significant for the course of the American Revolution?
Caden
The battle convinced the French to side with the colonies and provide support.
3-2
What two acts were the colonists successful at repealing in the Stamp Act Congress?
Caden
The Sugar and Stamp Acts
3-8
What was Shay’s Rebellion and what effect did it have on the American Articles of Confederation?
Wyatt Bryniarski
Shay’s rebellion was a rebellion by Western Massachusetts farmers caused primarily by economic hardships and aftermath of the American revolution. it led to the problem that the Articles of Confederation does did not have a national Nation and it did not have a strong centralized government. This, inturn led to the Articles of Confederation being replaced by the Constitution we know today.
3-7
What was the 3/5 Compromise?
Wyatt Bryniarski
It was a compromise between the North and the South which counted enslaved persons as 3/5 of a free person when deciding the population of Representatives in the house.
What was the Boston Massacre?
A conflict in 1770 between colonist and British soldiers that led to 5 colonist deaths.
What act did the Parliament institute to tax imports of glass, lead, paper, paint, tea?
The Townshed Acts.
What is the Continental Army?
A army created by the Second Continental Congress after the battles of Lexington.
3-6
What were the Federalists? What type of government did they want?
Marcelo Tohen
They were often from more urban backgrounds and wanted government to be centralized and the ratification of the consiturtion. It included Alexander Hamiltons banking plan of national debt instead of dispursed debt across the the states. Some members of the Federalists were Alexander Hamilton, John Adams and Benjamin Frnaklin.
3-6
What did the Anti-Federalists support?
Marcelo Tohen
They were against the ratification of the constitution and centralized government. They saw the most success in the nation through dispursed power through the states especially in southern states with yeamen farmers. Members of the Anti-Federalists included Thomas Jefferson.
3-6
What states did the Virginia Plan benefit?
Marcelo Tohen
It benefitted states with higher population as the higher population a state had in the plan, the more representation it would have in govenrment.
3-9
Why was the Whiskey Rebellion unsuccessful?
Blaise S
Because the federal government and militia had the power to suppress and stop the rebellion from progressing further.
3-3
What was Dunmore’s proclamation?
Blaise S
It declared that enslaved African Americans would be granted freedom if they enlisted and served in the militia for the the Revolution.
3-6
What were the goals of making a Constitution?
Blaise S
They wanted to form a more centralized government, have equal representation within the colonies, and replace the Articles of Confederation.
Who did the Virginia plan benefit?
Zoë
bigger states
Who did the New Jersey plan benefit?
Zoë
smaller states
What were the economic effects of the 7 years war?
Jaycee Sanchez
Britain had a lot of national debt, so they started to tax the colonies
How did the aftermath of the 7 years war affect relations with Native Americans?
Name key terms
Jaycee Sanchez
Relationships became very strained because Native Americans preffered the French, while Britain was known to treat them poorly. Colonists western expansion caused Pontiacs rebellion and the proclamation line of 1763
What officially ended the 7 years war?
Jaycee Sanchez
The peace of paris (1763)
Mod 3-8
What was Hamilton’s Financial Plan?
Carlos
Hamilton sought to establish a central bank which would lead the finance of america. He consolidated the state debts into a national debt. New taxes and government bonds would fund the national debt. Now Hamilton wanted to tie wealthy people to the federal government so he established a permanent national debt which would loan to merchants and investors.
Mod 3-9
What were examples of political/ethnic persecution during the Adams presidency?
Carlos
The Alien and Seditions Acts aswell the Naturalization Acts were prime examples of political and ethnic persecution. Non citzens would be deported and seditioners would be dealt with. These Acts targeted Scots/Irish and Democratic Republicans. Immigrants typically supported Democratic Republicans and the Naturalization Act raised citizenship residency requirement from 5 to 14 years. This would hinder Democratic Republican influence in government.
Mod 3-9
Why was Jay’s Treaty so controversial?
Carlos
John Jay sought to fix relations with Britain (seizures of American ships, no trade with British West Indies, reimbursement for escaped slaves). Jay’s Treaty in 1794 managed to gain trade rights with the British West Indies. However, it didn’t involve compensation for slaves or captured ships/ It also required planters to repay the British for incurred war debts. The Adams presidency was criticzed as Pro-british and this further the 2 party system.
What helped calm the Americans who feared their rights as individual states?
Bill of rights
Amelia B
What battle convinced the French to help the US against the British during the revolution?
Battle of Saratoga
What battle marked the end of the revolution/american victory? And what officially ended it
The Battle of Yorktown marked the end of the revolution, and what official ended it was the Treaty of Paris (1783)
When was the 7 Years War?
1754-1763
When were the Articles of Confederation made?
1777
When was the Battle of Yorktown?
1781
When was The Constitution ratified?
1788
When was the Whiskey Rebellion?
1794
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