Period 7 (1890 - 1945) Flashcards
1
Q
March on Washington (1894)
A
- Ohio populist Jacob Coxey
- marched on WA, demanded that the gov. create jobs for unemployed
2
Q
Progressive Issues
A
- Campaign & Voter fraud: patronage, donations
- Labor issues, especially with women and children
- Monopolies & Trusts
- Consumer protection
- Civil Rights
- preservation & conservation
- initiative, referendum, recall
- direct primary elections
3
Q
Muckraking
A
- investigative journalism
- Exposed fraud, corruption, waste, child labor, public health, prostitution, alcohol, etc
4
Q
Square Deal
A
- Corporate regulation, consumer protection, conservation of natural resources
5
Q
Anthracite Coal Mine Strike (1902)
A
- 1st time federal forces side with laborers over Capitalist owners
- Leads to Dept. of Commerce & Labor
6
Q
Elkins Act (1903)
A
- stop rebates to companies that shipped large quantities
- strengthen ICC
7
Q
Hepburn Act (1906)
A
- fixed just & reasonable rates
8
Q
Effects of Upton Sinclair The Jungle
A
- Meat Inspection Act of 1906
- Pure Food & Drug Act (FDA)
9
Q
Newlands Act (1902)
A
- 150 acres of natural reserve
- TR
10
Q
Booker T. Washington
A
- Conservative
- Work hard
- rights will come gradually
11
Q
WEB DuBois
A
- more radical
- outspoken
- demanded immediate rights & education
12
Q
16th Amendment
A
Graduated Income Tax
13
Q
Manns-Elkins Act (1910)
A
Regulation of railroad and telacom
14
Q
The Niagara Movement
A
- Black civil rights movement
- equal economic & educational standing
- suffrage
- WEB DuBois
- Great Migration
- NAACP
15
Q
Taft’s main goal in presidency was
A
trustbusting!
16
Q
Triple Wall of Privilege
A
- Woodrow Wilson
- Trusts, banking, & tariffs
- Federal Reserve Board / Act
- Clayton Antitrust Act
- Federal Trade Commission
17
Q
Federal Reserve Act (1914)
A
establish economic stability in US by introducing a central bank to oversee monetary policy
18
Q
Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)
A
Defines unethical business
19
Q
Federal Trade Commission (1914)
A
- regulate monopolies
- eliminate unfair competition
- prevent use of unfair business practices
20
Q
Womens Trade Union League / National Consumers League
A
- Florence Kelly
- told which businesses had good practices with women and child laborers
21
Q
Muller v. Oregon (1908)
A
protected women factory workers by limiting them to 10 hr day “bc they were weaker than men”
22
Q
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
A
Large group of immigrant women working at the top floor of a shirtwaist factory. Fire broke out, but they couldn’t escape due to terrible working conditions, so they had to jump or burn to their deaths
23
Q
Who revived the women’s suffrage movement in the 1890s
A
Carrie Chapman Catt
24
Q
Alice Paul
A
- National Women’s Party (1917)
- Focused on DC
- 1st to picket White House
25
Turner's Thesis (1893)
We have colonized as much as we can on this continent, so now we will become imperialistic
26
Causes for US imperialism
- growth in population, wealth, production
- Expand or explode
- Manufacturing needs overseas market & resources
- Missionaries
- Yellow Journalists glorified foreign exploits
- Social Darwinism
- Growth of Navy
27
Josiah Strong
- Our Country: Its Possible Future & Its Present Crisis
- missionary
- White, Anglo-Saxon race is pinnacle of human evolution and therefore fittest to survive
- Imperialism is a Christian duty
28
Yellow journalists
Pulitzer & Hearst
29
Alfred Mahan
- huge imperialist
- advocated for growth of Navy
- Influence Of Sea Power In History
30
McKinley Stance on Imperialism
Pro
31
Teddy stance on imperialism
pro
32
Mark Twain stance on imperialism
against
33
carnegie stance on imperialism
against
34
gompers stance on imperialism
against
35
william j. bryan stance on imperialism
against
36
Seward's Folly (1867)
Sec of State Wm. Seward buys Alaska from Russia, originally seemed like bad deal but eventually realized the gold & silver capabilities
37
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Tells European powers not to come over here to colonize or face our wrath
38
Who annexed Hawaii?
McKinley in 1900
39
Causes of the Spanish American War
- needed their sugar
- yellow journalists wrote about how horribly the Spanish were treating native Cubans
- Jingoism
- Cuban nationalists revolt in 1895, sabotaged plantations, Gen. Weyler sent to put down rebellion
- DeLome letter (letter bashing McKinley)
- Sinking of the Maine by the alleged Spanish
40
Teller Amendment (1898)
US won't annex Cuba, just help them win their independence. Cubans don't get citizen rights
- Platt Amendment later added: before US troops are withdrawn from Cuba, they can't have treaties, debt, and have to let US Naval base at Guantanomo Bay
41
TR's Rough Riders
Volunteer Calvary led by Teddy
42
Treaty of Paris (1898)
- recognizes Cuban independence
- US gets Puerto Rico & Guam, buys Philippines (controversial)
43
Insular Cases
rules that islanders newly acquired don't have US rights
44
Open Door Note
- Tells Euro powers to leave China alone or face our wrath
- Held onto US's Asian market
45
Boxer Rebellion
A Chinese secret society raised up to drive all foreigners from China
46
Hay-Beanu-Varilla Treaty (1903)
Gives US canal zone territory
47
Panama Canal
- links Atlantic to Pacific
- 1904 -1914
48
Big Stick diplomacy
- TR
- try to negotiate, but if that doesn't work, use violence
- Caribbean countries
49
Treaty of Portsmouth
- TR trying to help end the Russo-Japanese War
- Makes Japanese mad
50
Gentlemen's Agreement
- TR & Japan
- Japenese gov. limited immigration to US
51
M.A.I.N. Causes of WW1
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
52
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
53
Triple Entente
France, Britain, & Russia
54
Schlieffen Plan
in case of the outbreak of war,
Germany would first attack France and then Russia
55
Why did America want to remain neutral in WW1?
- Wilson doesn't want to get involved in European problems
- British/German blockades & UBoats made trade nearly impossible
- US profited off sending supplies overseas to help rather than paying off war debt
- other foreign powers borrowed from US
56
Sinking of the Lusitania
German U-Boat sinks US Lusitania, kills 128. Sways US opinion on neutrality, leads to Sussex Pledge
57
Sussex Pledge
After sinking of Lusitania, Germany promises not to sink any passenger ships w/o warning.
58
Zimmerman Telegram
From Germany to Mexico, said if Mexico supports them, then they can get back land lost in Mexican-American War. Persuaded US to get involved in WW2
59
Committee on Public Information
- WW1
- Teach democracy
- assimilate immigrants
- propaganda
- George Creel
60
War Industries Board (1917)
directed military production at homefront
61
Fuel Administration
- save coal
- made Daylight Savings go into effect
62
Food Administration
- rationing & price regulating
63
National War Labor Board
- 8 hr workday
- overtime pay
- no strike pledges
64
Women in WW1
- Red Cross
- factories
- Non-combat Navy
- Hello Girls
65
Hello Girls
- WW1
- relayed war messages about troop movement and supplies
66
Espionage & Sedition Acts
- can't speak out against war
- Eugene Debs
- imprisonment and fines
67
American Protective League
spied for activists, draft dodgers, etc
68
Schneck vs US
Civil liberties can be taken away during times of war (WW1)
69
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
- Germany disarmament
- Guilt (clause 231): pay massive war debt to Britain & France
- Lost colonies gained, became independent
- League of Nations: US never joins, which weakens LoN
70
Paris Peace Conference (1919)
discuss peace terms for end of WW1
71
Great Migration
- 400k African Americans go to North for work
- 100k Mexicans
- NY, Chicago, Philly, Detroit
72
After WW1, women...
lost the jobs they had taken up while men were at war
73
Red Summer
Series of violent race riots after soldiers came home to find their jobs occupied by others
- Chicago Race Riot 1919
74
Causes of the Great Depression
- overspeculation & buying "on margin"
- Uneven distribution of wealth
- Overproduction, especially farmers
- Neglectful government policies
- Global economic issues
75
Effects of Great Depression
- GNP declined @ 50 billion
- 20% of banks closed
- 10m savings accounts gone
- 13m unemployed
76
Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)
- highest in peacetime history (30%)
- hurt more than helped
- Europe followed suit with Trade Barrier
77
Reconstruction Finance Corps
Tried to help banks, railroads, insurance, etc
78
Farm Board (1929)
offered farmers insurance against crop loss
79
Bonus Army
Veterans protesting bc they still hadn't been given their WW1 Bonus. Hoover sends army to shut it down
80
FDR's New Deal
- Relief, Recovery, Reform
- During 1st 100 days, FDR gives 15 pieces of major legislation
- Closed & Reviewed banks
- No Gold Standard
- Fireside Chats
81
SEC
Regulates stock market
82
FHA
Federal Housing Admin
83
Most long lasting legislation from New Deal
Social Security Act, led by Francis Perkins
84
SCOTUS reaction to New Deal
- unconstitutional
- struck down National Industry Recovery Admin & AAA
85
AAA (1935)
Agricultural Adjustment Act, protected farmers from price drops by providing crop subsidies to reduce protection & educational programs to teach about soil erosion
86
FDR Packing the Court
- tried to get SCOTUS to stop rejecting New Deal
- put in 16 new supportive justices
- SCOTUS passed Judicial Reorganization Bill to stop him, started being more receptive
87
Keynesian Theory
Deficit spending is okay in times of crisis
"Don't Balance the Budget!"
88
Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)
Established minimum wage, overtime pay, prohibited labor of minors
89
Fascism
glorify nation and race through aggressive actions
90
Stimson Doctrine (1932)
- created after Japan violates Open Door Policy & League of Nations by invading Manchuria
- Said US wouldn't recognize any territories as official if taken by force
91
Munich Conference (1938)
- Nazi Germany, US, UK, France, & Italy
- let Germany take Sudentenland as appeasement after they had also taken Rhineland DMZ & Austria
- backfires & Germany later takes Czechoslovakia
92
Sinking of the Panay (1937)
by Japan after invading China
93
What event led to France & G. Britain formally declaring war on Nazi Germany
N. Germany's invasion of Poland
94
Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939)
Gave Germany green-light to take Poland, France, & GB w/o worrying about being attacked by Soviet Union
95
Operation Dynamo
massive evacuation from Dunkirk
96
Blitzkrieg
lightning war - concentrate all efforts on one thing at once
97
Cash and Carry (1939)
Amend to Neutrality Act of 1939, let US supply Allied forces w/o formally declaring war
98
Tripartite Pact (1940)
Germany, Italy, & Imperial Japan alliance
99
Lend-Lease (1941)
lend military supplies to GB
100
Atlantic Charter (1941)
Planned for post-WW2 world. Gave self-governance back to colonies Axis took & disarmament
101
WW2 Effects on US economy
- ended Great Depression
- 17m jobs created
- consolidation of US industry
- rationing & price control
- controlling labor / freezing wages
- Army operated RR a few times
- increased income tax to pay war debt
- sold war bonds
102
Zoot Suit riots
Many Mexican-Americans wore bootleg zoot suits, saw as being un-American bc ignoring rationing efforts
103
Ex. Order 9066
Japanese Internment
104
Korematsu v US
Said that internment camps were constitutional
105
WAC
Women's Army Auxiliary Corps
106
WAVES
Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (Navy)
107
What war featured Rosie the Riveter?
WW2
108
Island Hopping
US strategy to get to Japan mainland
109
Manhattan Project (1942)
- atomic bomb
- Oppenheimer
110
Tehran Conference
- Russia, US, GB
- US & GB move to take back France
111
Yalta Conference
- Germany should be divided again
- free elections in liberated countries
- Soviets enter war ag. Japan
- Soviets get other land in Pacific
- New World Peace Order
112
Potsdam
How do we punish Germany & war criminals?
113
Big effects of WW2
- expansion of gov
- national debt
- UN
- Federal Spending increased
- tons dead
- America = military superpower & leader in global relations
114
First instance of American imperialism (other than westward expansion)
Alaska
115
Why did we want Pacific & Caribbean territories?
Our ships needed a place to stop and refuel on their way to European markets
116
Arguments against imperialism
- each nation has a right to self-determination to determine who should rule
- America has long had policy of isolationism, from all the way back to Farewell Address. Imperialism brings more wars
- If we take over an entire nation of another race, we will be forced to give them rights of some sort
117
Effects of Spanish-American War
- independence to Cuba
- started US imperialism
- annexation of Philippines
