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APUSH > Period 7 (1890 - 1945) > Flashcards

Period 7 (1890 - 1945) Flashcards

1
Q

March on Washington (1894)

A
  • Ohio populist Jacob Coxey
  • marched on WA, demanded that the gov. create jobs for unemployed
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2
Q

Progressive Issues

A
  • Campaign & Voter fraud: patronage, donations
  • Labor issues, especially with women and children
  • Monopolies & Trusts
  • Consumer protection
  • Civil Rights
  • preservation & conservation
  • initiative, referendum, recall
  • direct primary elections
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3
Q

Muckraking

A
  • investigative journalism
  • Exposed fraud, corruption, waste, child labor, public health, prostitution, alcohol, etc
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4
Q

Square Deal

A
  • Corporate regulation, consumer protection, conservation of natural resources
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5
Q

Anthracite Coal Mine Strike (1902)

A
  • 1st time federal forces side with laborers over Capitalist owners
  • Leads to Dept. of Commerce & Labor
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6
Q

Elkins Act (1903)

A
  • stop rebates to companies that shipped large quantities
  • strengthen ICC
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7
Q

Hepburn Act (1906)

A
  • fixed just & reasonable rates
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8
Q

Effects of Upton Sinclair The Jungle

A
  • Meat Inspection Act of 1906
  • Pure Food & Drug Act (FDA)
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9
Q

Newlands Act (1902)

A
  • 150 acres of natural reserve
  • TR
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10
Q

Booker T. Washington

A
  • Conservative
  • Work hard
  • rights will come gradually
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11
Q

WEB DuBois

A
  • more radical
  • outspoken
  • demanded immediate rights & education
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12
Q

16th Amendment

A

Graduated Income Tax

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13
Q

Manns-Elkins Act (1910)

A

Regulation of railroad and telacom

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14
Q

The Niagara Movement

A
  • Black civil rights movement
  • equal economic & educational standing
  • suffrage
  • WEB DuBois
  • Great Migration
  • NAACP
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15
Q

Taft’s main goal in presidency was

A

trustbusting!

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16
Q

Triple Wall of Privilege

A
  • Woodrow Wilson
  • Trusts, banking, & tariffs
  • Federal Reserve Board / Act
  • Clayton Antitrust Act
  • Federal Trade Commission
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17
Q

Federal Reserve Act (1914)

A

establish economic stability in US by introducing a central bank to oversee monetary policy

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18
Q

Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)

A

Defines unethical business

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19
Q

Federal Trade Commission (1914)

A
  • regulate monopolies
  • eliminate unfair competition
  • prevent use of unfair business practices
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20
Q

Womens Trade Union League / National Consumers League

A
  • Florence Kelly
  • told which businesses had good practices with women and child laborers
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21
Q

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

A

protected women factory workers by limiting them to 10 hr day “bc they were weaker than men”

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22
Q

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

A

Large group of immigrant women working at the top floor of a shirtwaist factory. Fire broke out, but they couldn’t escape due to terrible working conditions, so they had to jump or burn to their deaths

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23
Q

Who revived the women’s suffrage movement in the 1890s

A

Carrie Chapman Catt

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24
Q

Alice Paul

A
  • National Women’s Party (1917)
  • Focused on DC
  • 1st to picket White House
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25
Q

Turner’s Thesis (1893)

A

We have colonized as much as we can on this continent, so now we will become imperialistic

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26
Q

Causes for US imperialism

A
  • growth in population, wealth, production
  • Expand or explode
  • Manufacturing needs overseas market & resources
  • Missionaries
  • Yellow Journalists glorified foreign exploits
  • Social Darwinism
  • Growth of Navy
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27
Q

Josiah Strong

A
  • Our Country: Its Possible Future & Its Present Crisis
  • missionary
  • White, Anglo-Saxon race is pinnacle of human evolution and therefore fittest to survive
  • Imperialism is a Christian duty
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28
Q

Yellow journalists

A

Pulitzer & Hearst

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29
Q

Alfred Mahan

A
  • huge imperialist
  • advocated for growth of Navy
  • Influence Of Sea Power In History
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30
Q

McKinley Stance on Imperialism

A

Pro

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31
Q

Teddy stance on imperialism

A

pro

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32
Q

Mark Twain stance on imperialism

A

against

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33
Q

carnegie stance on imperialism

A

against

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34
Q

gompers stance on imperialism

A

against

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35
Q

william j. bryan stance on imperialism

A

against

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36
Q

Seward’s Folly (1867)

A

Sec of State Wm. Seward buys Alaska from Russia, originally seemed like bad deal but eventually realized the gold & silver capabilities

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37
Q

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

A

Tells European powers not to come over here to colonize or face our wrath

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38
Q

Who annexed Hawaii?

A

McKinley in 1900

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39
Q

Causes of the Spanish American War

A
  • needed their sugar
  • yellow journalists wrote about how horribly the Spanish were treating native Cubans
  • Jingoism
  • Cuban nationalists revolt in 1895, sabotaged plantations, Gen. Weyler sent to put down rebellion
  • DeLome letter (letter bashing McKinley)
  • Sinking of the Maine by the alleged Spanish
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40
Q

Teller Amendment (1898)

A

US won’t annex Cuba, just help them win their independence. Cubans don’t get citizen rights
- Platt Amendment later added: before US troops are withdrawn from Cuba, they can’t have treaties, debt, and have to let US Naval base at Guantanomo Bay

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41
Q

TR’s Rough Riders

A

Volunteer Calvary led by Teddy

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42
Q

Treaty of Paris (1898)

A
  • recognizes Cuban independence
  • US gets Puerto Rico & Guam, buys Philippines (controversial)
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43
Q

Insular Cases

A

rules that islanders newly acquired don’t have US rights

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44
Q

Open Door Note

A
  • Tells Euro powers to leave China alone or face our wrath
  • Held onto US’s Asian market
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45
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A

A Chinese secret society raised up to drive all foreigners from China

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46
Q

Hay-Beanu-Varilla Treaty (1903)

A

Gives US canal zone territory

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47
Q

Panama Canal

A
  • links Atlantic to Pacific
  • 1904 -1914
48
Q

Big Stick diplomacy

A
  • TR
  • try to negotiate, but if that doesn’t work, use violence
  • Caribbean countries
49
Q

Treaty of Portsmouth

A
  • TR trying to help end the Russo-Japanese War
  • Makes Japanese mad
50
Q

Gentlemen’s Agreement

A
  • TR & Japan
  • Japenese gov. limited immigration to US
51
Q

M.A.I.N. Causes of WW1

A

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

52
Q

Triple Alliance

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

53
Q

Triple Entente

A

France, Britain, & Russia

54
Q

Schlieffen Plan

A

in case of the outbreak of war,
Germany would first attack France and then Russia

55
Q

Why did America want to remain neutral in WW1?

A
  • Wilson doesn’t want to get involved in European problems
  • British/German blockades & UBoats made trade nearly impossible
  • US profited off sending supplies overseas to help rather than paying off war debt
  • other foreign powers borrowed from US
56
Q

Sinking of the Lusitania

A

German U-Boat sinks US Lusitania, kills 128. Sways US opinion on neutrality, leads to Sussex Pledge

57
Q

Sussex Pledge

A

After sinking of Lusitania, Germany promises not to sink any passenger ships w/o warning.

58
Q

Zimmerman Telegram

A

From Germany to Mexico, said if Mexico supports them, then they can get back land lost in Mexican-American War. Persuaded US to get involved in WW2

59
Q

Committee on Public Information

A
  • WW1
  • Teach democracy
  • assimilate immigrants
  • propaganda
  • George Creel
60
Q

War Industries Board (1917)

A

directed military production at homefront

61
Q

Fuel Administration

A
  • save coal
  • made Daylight Savings go into effect
62
Q

Food Administration

A
  • rationing & price regulating
63
Q

National War Labor Board

A
  • 8 hr workday
  • overtime pay
  • no strike pledges
64
Q

Women in WW1

A
  • Red Cross
  • factories
  • Non-combat Navy
  • Hello Girls
65
Q

Hello Girls

A
  • WW1
  • relayed war messages about troop movement and supplies
66
Q

Espionage & Sedition Acts

A
  • can’t speak out against war
  • Eugene Debs
  • imprisonment and fines
67
Q

American Protective League

A

spied for activists, draft dodgers, etc

68
Q

Schneck vs US

A

Civil liberties can be taken away during times of war (WW1)

69
Q

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

A
  • Germany disarmament
  • Guilt (clause 231): pay massive war debt to Britain & France
  • Lost colonies gained, became independent
  • League of Nations: US never joins, which weakens LoN
70
Q

Paris Peace Conference (1919)

A

discuss peace terms for end of WW1

71
Q

Great Migration

A
  • 400k African Americans go to North for work
  • 100k Mexicans
  • NY, Chicago, Philly, Detroit
72
Q

After WW1, women…

A

lost the jobs they had taken up while men were at war

73
Q

Red Summer

A

Series of violent race riots after soldiers came home to find their jobs occupied by others
- Chicago Race Riot 1919

74
Q

Causes of the Great Depression

A
  • overspeculation & buying “on margin”
  • Uneven distribution of wealth
  • Overproduction, especially farmers
  • Neglectful government policies
  • Global economic issues
75
Q

Effects of Great Depression

A
  • GNP declined @ 50 billion
  • 20% of banks closed
  • 10m savings accounts gone
  • 13m unemployed
76
Q

Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)

A
  • highest in peacetime history (30%)
  • hurt more than helped
  • Europe followed suit with Trade Barrier
77
Q

Reconstruction Finance Corps

A

Tried to help banks, railroads, insurance, etc

78
Q

Farm Board (1929)

A

offered farmers insurance against crop loss

79
Q

Bonus Army

A

Veterans protesting bc they still hadn’t been given their WW1 Bonus. Hoover sends army to shut it down

80
Q

FDR’s New Deal

A
  • Relief, Recovery, Reform
  • During 1st 100 days, FDR gives 15 pieces of major legislation
  • Closed & Reviewed banks
  • No Gold Standard
  • Fireside Chats
81
Q

SEC

A

Regulates stock market

82
Q

FHA

A

Federal Housing Admin

83
Q

Most long lasting legislation from New Deal

A

Social Security Act, led by Francis Perkins

84
Q

SCOTUS reaction to New Deal

A
  • unconstitutional
  • struck down National Industry Recovery Admin & AAA
85
Q

AAA (1935)

A

Agricultural Adjustment Act, protected farmers from price drops by providing crop subsidies to reduce protection & educational programs to teach about soil erosion

86
Q

FDR Packing the Court

A
  • tried to get SCOTUS to stop rejecting New Deal
  • put in 16 new supportive justices
  • SCOTUS passed Judicial Reorganization Bill to stop him, started being more receptive
87
Q

Keynesian Theory

A

Deficit spending is okay in times of crisis
“Don’t Balance the Budget!”

88
Q

Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)

A

Established minimum wage, overtime pay, prohibited labor of minors

89
Q

Fascism

A

glorify nation and race through aggressive actions

90
Q

Stimson Doctrine (1932)

A
  • created after Japan violates Open Door Policy & League of Nations by invading Manchuria
  • Said US wouldn’t recognize any territories as official if taken by force
91
Q

Munich Conference (1938)

A
  • Nazi Germany, US, UK, France, & Italy
  • let Germany take Sudentenland as appeasement after they had also taken Rhineland DMZ & Austria
  • backfires & Germany later takes Czechoslovakia
92
Q

Sinking of the Panay (1937)

A

by Japan after invading China

93
Q

What event led to France & G. Britain formally declaring war on Nazi Germany

A

N. Germany’s invasion of Poland

94
Q

Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939)

A

Gave Germany green-light to take Poland, France, & GB w/o worrying about being attacked by Soviet Union

95
Q

Operation Dynamo

A

massive evacuation from Dunkirk

96
Q

Blitzkrieg

A

lightning war - concentrate all efforts on one thing at once

97
Q

Cash and Carry (1939)

A

Amend to Neutrality Act of 1939, let US supply Allied forces w/o formally declaring war

98
Q

Tripartite Pact (1940)

A

Germany, Italy, & Imperial Japan alliance

99
Q

Lend-Lease (1941)

A

lend military supplies to GB

100
Q

Atlantic Charter (1941)

A

Planned for post-WW2 world. Gave self-governance back to colonies Axis took & disarmament

101
Q

WW2 Effects on US economy

A
  • ended Great Depression
  • 17m jobs created
  • consolidation of US industry
  • rationing & price control
  • controlling labor / freezing wages
  • Army operated RR a few times
  • increased income tax to pay war debt
  • sold war bonds
102
Q

Zoot Suit riots

A

Many Mexican-Americans wore bootleg zoot suits, saw as being un-American bc ignoring rationing efforts

103
Q

Ex. Order 9066

A

Japanese Internment

104
Q

Korematsu v US

A

Said that internment camps were constitutional

105
Q

WAC

A

Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps

106
Q

WAVES

A

Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (Navy)

107
Q

What war featured Rosie the Riveter?

108
Q

Island Hopping

A

US strategy to get to Japan mainland

109
Q

Manhattan Project (1942)

A
  • atomic bomb
  • Oppenheimer
110
Q

Tehran Conference

A
  • Russia, US, GB
  • US & GB move to take back France
111
Q

Yalta Conference

A
  • Germany should be divided again
  • free elections in liberated countries
  • Soviets enter war ag. Japan
  • Soviets get other land in Pacific
  • New World Peace Order
112
Q

Potsdam

A

How do we punish Germany & war criminals?

113
Q

Big effects of WW2

A
  • expansion of gov
  • national debt
  • UN
  • Federal Spending increased
  • tons dead
  • America = military superpower & leader in global relations
114
Q

First instance of American imperialism (other than westward expansion)

115
Q

Why did we want Pacific & Caribbean territories?

A

Our ships needed a place to stop and refuel on their way to European markets

116
Q

Arguments against imperialism

A
  • each nation has a right to self-determination to determine who should rule
  • America has long had policy of isolationism, from all the way back to Farewell Address. Imperialism brings more wars
  • If we take over an entire nation of another race, we will be forced to give them rights of some sort
117
Q

Effects of Spanish-American War

A
  • independence to Cuba
  • started US imperialism
  • annexation of Philippines

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