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APUSH > Period 5 (1844 - 1877) > Flashcards

Period 5 (1844 - 1877) Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

God has given US the right to the Western land and to conquer the world

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2
Q

Why did US settlers first settle into TX?

A

Led by Stephen Austin, they wanted the land. Were allowed to come by Mexican gov., as long as they were Catholic & without slaves. US settlers didn’t like this, started to revolt.

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3
Q

Who led the Texas Independence Revolt?

A

Sam Houston

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4
Q

Arstook War

A
  • Maine 1842
  • Treaty of Paris didn’t define US/Brit borders well between Maine & New Brunswick
  • War ended with Webster-Ashburton Treaty
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5
Q

Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)

A

-Settled Arstook War
- Made US/Brit boundary line the Great Lakes
- Open navigation in water

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6
Q

Which president finally manages to annex TX after Sam Houston’s rebellion?

A

Tyler, because he was worried that Britain would manage to emancipate more slaves in that territory if he didn’t take the land.

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7
Q

What does “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!” mean?

A

US should claim all territory up to 54 degree and 40 mins north parallel, or fight Great Britain for the land

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8
Q

Why did the democratic party split in 1844?

A

Northerners, led by Van Buren, didn’t want to annex TX. Southerners, led by Calhoun, wanted to. Polk, a third party dark horse, ended up winning and Tyler, during his last days of office, annexes TX.

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9
Q

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

A

Spain gives US Florida

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10
Q

Mexican War (1847)

A

Causes:
- Annexation of TX
- Slidell to Mexico City: Buy CA + NM and settle border dispute
- Attack at Rio Grande Apr 1846
- ended by Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago

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11
Q

What was the first “Foreign War” fought by the US?

A

Mexican War

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12
Q

Key Players in Mexican War

A
  • Gen. Winfield Scott - captures Mexico City 1847
  • Prez James Polk
  • Santa Anna - Mexican ruler
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13
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago (1848)

A
  • Ended Mexican War
  • Recognizes Rio Grande as south border of TX
  • US pays 15m to Mexico
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14
Q

Wilmot Proviso (1846)

A
  • tried to outlaw slavery in land from Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago
  • defeated by Democrats in the Senate
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15
Q

Ostend Manifesto (1852)

A

Polk & Prez Pierce try to buy / take Cuba from Spain. Angered anti-slavery supporters

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16
Q

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850)

A
  • US & UK will both protect canal building sites in Central America.
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17
Q

Hay Pauncefote Treaty (1901)

A
  • overruled Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
  • Gave US rights to build canal across Isthmus of Panama
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18
Q

Gadsden Purchase (1853)

A

Prez Pierce bought land from Mexico for Southern Transcontinental Railroad for 10m

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19
Q

Free-Soil Party

A
  • started by Van Buren
  • opposed slavery in New West
  • split democratic party in 1848 Election
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20
Q

CA Gold Rush (1848)

A
  • Gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill
  • CA wrote state consitution and applied for admission as free state in 1849. Messed up balance of slave / free states
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21
Q

Compromise of 1850

A
  • CA = free
  • UT & NM = popular sovereignty
  • DC = no slave trade
  • Passage of harsher Fugitive Slave Act
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22
Q

Fugitive Slave Act (1850)

A
  • Northerners have to help catch Southern slaves & let slave hunters come hunt in North
  • Slaves have to be returned to owners even if in free state
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23
Q

American Colonization Society (1817)

A

Wanted to send Free African-Americans back to Africa rather than emancipating them in US. Sent 12k back to Liberia

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24
Q

Denmark Vesey (1822)

A

former slave tried to start enslaved rebellion in Charleston, SC, on Bastille Day

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25
Q

Nat Turner (1831)

A

VA slave riot leader, killed 55 white families. Said he was a prophet.

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26
Q

Slave rebellions led to…

A

harsher laws/codes

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27
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1851/52)

A
  • influenced by Frederick Douglass
  • propaganda
  • Harriet Beecher Stowe
  • Changed many minds
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28
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

A

Gives Kansas/Nebraska popular sovereignty, so tons of pro-slavery and anti-slavery fled there to sway vote, started many violent events (Bleeding Kansas). Contradicts MO Compromise of 1820.

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29
Q

Charles Sumner vs Preston Brooks Cane Beating (1856)

A

Charles Sumner gives 2-day speech against slavery that directly calls out Brooks’ uncle, so Brooks beats him heavily with cane. Many southerners idolize him for this, infuriates North.

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30
Q

Dred Scott v Sandford (1857)

A

Dred Scott about to be sent back into slavery, even though they were now living in free state. SCOTUS ruled that since he wasn’t a citizen with any rights, he can’t be protected by gov. Declared MO Compromise unconstitutional.

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31
Q

Harper’s Ferry Raid (1859)

A
  • John Brown response to Dred Scott
  • Tried to initiate slave revolt, stole ammo & arsenal, killed many southerners
  • Infuriates South
  • Harper’s Ferry, VA
32
Q

Lincoln’s platform

A
  • non-extension of slavery, not ending it!
  • tariff for industry
  • National Union Party
  • Free land for homesteaders
  • Extending West RR
  • General rights for West
33
Q

Crittenden Compromise

A
  • failed
  • extend MO Comp line to Pacific
  • compensate for fugitive slaves not captured
  • Congress can’t prohibit slavery in DC
  • Can’t prohibit transportation of slavery
  • No more amendments on slavery
34
Q

hi

A

hi

35
Q

Causes of Civil War

A
  • Election of Lincoln
  • Secession of SC
  • Firing on Ft. Sumter
  • Slavery
  • Struggle between N. Industry & S. Agriculture
  • Conflict of culture vs Constitutional Beliefs
  • States’ Rights
  • Ineffective leadership in 1850s
36
Q

First shots of the Civil War fired at

A

Fort Sumter

37
Q

Results of firing at Ft. Sumter

A
  • Unites the North against South
  • Lincoln calls for 75k vols for the Union to put down insurrection
  • Authorized $$ for war
  • suspended writ of habeas corpus
  • 4 more states seceded: VA, NC, AR, TN
  • CSA moves their capitol to Richmond
38
Q

The Union pros

A
  • huge population
  • Economically diverse: banking & economic HQ, majority of farmlands
  • US Navy
  • More advanced transport, like RR
39
Q

The Union cons

A
  • Had to conquer the South
  • Longer supply lines
40
Q

The confederacy pros

A
  • Fight defensively
  • shorter supply lines & long varied coast
  • Experienced military leaders
  • Hope for Euro help
  • High morale
41
Q

The confederacy cons

A
  • issues with states rights vs CSA
  • $$ problems led to inflation
  • Fewer troops
42
Q

Anaconda Plan

A
  • w. Scott (Union)
    1. Blockade
    2. Control the Mississippi
    3. Georgia & the Carolinas (border states)
    4. Seize Richmond
43
Q

Confederacy’s Plan

A
  1. Fight defensively
  2. Hold out longer than the Union
44
Q

hi`

A

hi

45
Q

Battle of Antietam (1862)

A
  • 87k Union vs 50k Confed
  • bloodiest single day
  • Lee hopes a win will get British support
  • Union claimed to have won, but it was really a draw
  • Lee retreats to VA
46
Q

Battle of Gettysburg (1863)

A
  • Bloodiest Battle
  • Union wins
  • Ensured Lee wouldn’t capture DC & South never recovers
47
Q

Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

A
  • doesn’t free any slaves
  • War is now specifically on slavery, so there is no hope for South getting aid from Britain
  • Freed slaves can now be soldiers (confiscation act)
48
Q

Battle of Vicksburg (1863)

A
  • Turning point in the West
  • Union now controls most of Mississippi River
  • Cuts off TX, AR, LA from Confed in East
49
Q

Sherman’s March to the Sea (1864)

A

Union march from Savannah to Atlanta, destroyed everything in its path to cripple CSA war effort

50
Q

Women’s roles in the war

A
  • Sanitary Commission: provided troops with food, clothes & medical services
  • Freedman’s Aid Society: supplies for liberated slaves
  • Workforce at homefront
  • Some pretended to be men
51
Q

African American roles in war

A
  • Emancipation Proclamation a turning point for slaves to serve in the war
  • Union recruited 20k African Americans
  • Black soldiers earned less than whites and died at faster rates
52
Q

When and Where did Lee (CSA) surrender?

A

Appomattox Court House, Apr 6 1865

53
Q

John Wilkes Booth

A

Assasinated Lincoln on Apr 14, 1865

54
Q

13th Amendment

A

Dec. 6, 1865 - Abolished slavery

55
Q

Black Codes (1865)

A

Basically took away rights from African Americans. Couldn’t own property, move freely around, vote, etc. Tried to force slaves back into plantation labor

56
Q

Lincoln’s 10% Plan

A

if 10% of CSA voting population takes loyalty oath & establishes a new gov., it would be let back into Union

57
Q

Radical Republican Congressional Plan for Reconstruction

A
  • Punish South & Protect freed slaves
  • 50% have to take the loyalty oath
  • Divide CSA territory into 5 military states ruled by Union Generals
58
Q

Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction

A
  • 10% loyalty oath would grant amnesty to all except CSA military officers & those with property over 20k
  • New Southern Constitutions have to accept minimum conditions about slavery
  • they had to pay off war debt
  • Provisional governers in CSA states
59
Q

14th Amendment (1868)

A

African Americans are full citizens with rights

60
Q

15th Amendment (1870)

A

African American males have right to vote

61
Q

Tenure of Office Act (1867)

A
  • Prez can’t remove officals without congressional consent
62
Q

Why was Johnson impeached?

A

Kept vetoing anti-slavery bills and violating Tenure of Office Act. Acquitted.

63
Q

Amnesty Act

A

restored right to vote to former leaders of CSA

64
Q

Grandfather Clause

A

You can’t vote unless your grandfather could have voted

65
Q

Ways the South kept former slaves from voting

A

Literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clause

66
Q

Great Compromise of 1877

A

Hayes was allowed to win the Election of 1876 if Reconstruction ends and military occupation is removed from CSA

67
Q

Freedman’s Bureau (1865)

A
  • created by Lincoln
  • Oversee transition to freedom
  • Schools, buisness rules, buying land, etc
  • give confiscated land to freed slaves
  • Johnson vetoes it
68
Q

Enforcement Acts (1871)

A

Prez could use military power to protect African Americans

69
Q

Hiram Revels

A

1st African American to be seated in Senate. From Mississippi

70
Q

Civil Rights Act (1875)

A

assures “seperate but equal” in public places.

71
Q

What happened in the Union Pacific Railroad Scandal / Credit Mobilier? (1872)

A

Credit Mobilier was a fradulent construction company hired by gov. to build RR. It was financed by bad bonds and bribed government officials with stocks & profits.

72
Q

Whiskey Ring (1874/5)

A

Members of Grant’s admin & a group of distillers cheated the gov. out of tax revenue

73
Q

Boss Tweed

A
  • Boss of democratic party machine at Tammany Hall, NY
  • Took advantage of immigrants
74
Q

14th Amendment

A

Laws cannot take away privileges or rights

75
Q

First battle of the Civil War

A

Battle of Manassas / Bull Run - showed strength of both sides & that this will not be a quick win

APUSH (6 decks)

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